Autumn cowpea planting cultivation techniques

The cultivation of kidney beans in the autumn is characterized by a transition from mild to cool temperatures. The pre-season temperatures are high and there is more rain, causing serious pest and disease damage. Therefore, the field management measures have always centered around "early-to-early birth" to achieve high yield and high efficiency.

(1) Selection of land preparation

The fields in which cowpeas are planted in the fall should be planted in plots that are not heavy, fertile, loose, and have convenient drainage and irrigation.

Site preparation: Before the ploughing, the residue of the former tendon was completely removed, and the field was burned or buried deeply to reduce the number of pathogenic and disease sources. The depth of the ploughing area is more than 30 cm, and Putian 3 to 4 days. Afterwards, cultivating and leveling, reaching the level of earth broken, specifications for the car, and in the furrows in the application of pollution-free farmyard fertilizer 4000 kg, 30 ~ 40 kg of superphosphate, 150 kg of plant ash or potassium chloride 30 ~ 40 Kilograms, 4,000 kilograms of bio-fertilizer enzymes or “301” and 60 kilograms of steadily high amount are used as the base fertilizer, covered with flat ditch and ready for broadcast.

(2) Selection of varieties

The requirements for cultivation of cowpeas in the fall are: strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, insensitivity to light requirements, and relatively concentrated scarring. At present, black seed cowpea, red beak swallow, three-foot green and other varieties can be used.

(3) timely sowing

Autumn cowpea sowing should not be late. It is generally appropriate to sow in early July, and no later than the first half of August (northern Hubei province). The sowing is relatively early, and it is long enough to fight for a suitable period, and the yield is high and the benefit is high. Before sowing, it is necessary to select seeds and remove pods, half seeds, miscellaneous seeds, mildew seeds and other miscellaneous materials. Live broadcast, planting spacing of 60 cm 30 cm, sowing two lines, lost 2 to 3 seeds per hole.

(4) Watering in time

The temperature is high in the early autumn and evaporation is high. Therefore, we must pay special attention to do a good job of irrigation and promote the growth of cowpea. The seedling stage is at a high temperature, and the watering must be diligent. Every 3 to 5 days, it is poured once to cool the soil to keep the soil moist, especially for watering in the morning and at night. In case of hot rain, timely irrigation with well water is needed to avoid injury.

Flowering and scarring: appropriate control of watering, usually 5 to 7 days, pouring water. After sitting, the pods begin to elongate, and the amount of watering can be increased again. The pods are poured every 3 to 5 days to keep the soil moist. In case of continuous rainy weather, it is necessary to clear the trenches in time and drain the water, so as to stop the rain.

(5) Reasonable fertilizer

On the basis of applying base fertilizer to the formula, it is “early top-dressing, ground top-dressing, frequent meals, and light before and after”. At the seedling stage, 30 to 40 kg of compound fertilizer or 10 kg of urea and 100 kg of granular fertilizer of bio-fermentation enzymes were applied. Kidney beans spread into the vines, and the shelves must be firmly inserted. The riot-proof winds blow the brackets and affect the growth of the kidney beans.

During the flowering and salivation period, topdressing twice, each time applying urea 15 to 20 kg, microbial soil inoculant 1 billion/gram, 30 to 40 grams against a small amount of watering root, or using Huifeng 125 ml watered 60 kg foliar spray . After harvesting, according to the conditions of the seedlings, it is appropriate to combine topdressing with watering.

(6) Cultivated weeding

In the early autumn, the temperature is high and the rainfall is abundant. It is conducive to the spread of diseases, weeds and weeds. In particular, weeds grow quickly. If weeds are not removed in time, weeds can easily cause grass shortages, causing weeds and cowpeas to compete for water, affecting the normal growth and development of cowpeas. . At the same time, weeds will provide pests with places and sources of disease transmission, which seriously threatens cowpea production. Therefore, weeding must be carried out during the middle period.

General requirements in the seedling stage weeding 2 or 3 times, after the scaffolding pull the grass 1 or 2 times, to the pastoral clean, reduce the risk of pest damage. The first cultivator should be shallow, light, and uniform; the second cultivator should be slightly deeper, and the culverts and rows should be deep; the third cultivator should be traversed and ridged to form a half-height ridge, which is conducive to doing a good job in field management.

(7) Harvesting

Autumn cowpea grows fast. When the autumn cowpea grows close to its own standard length, it must be timely harvested. At this time, the harvested cowpeas are supplied before and after the National Day. The price is high and the benefit is good.