Prevention and treatment of major diseases of broad beans

The major diseases of Yunnan faba bean include rust, red spot, blight, brown spot, and root rot. The prevention and control methods for these diseases are summarized as follows: 1. Vicia faba rust is a fungal disease and is a common disease in Yunnan Province. Colder regions have a milder disease, and hot, humid and hot areas have more severe disease. Early sowing is an important factor leading to the prevalence of broad bean rust. Broad bean plants can be affected. Initially on the front and back sides of the leaves, small spots of yellowish bulges were produced, about 1 mm in diameter. This was the first generation of summer spores. It soon turned yellow-brown, and rust-brown powdered uredospores emerged after rupture. On one leaf, there are a few summer spores, and as many as dozens, the leaves are withered, the fruit is not long, and when it is severe, it dies. Although the temperature in late autumn and early winter in Yunnan is relatively high, the broad bean is still in seedling stage, with good ventilation and light transmission, low air humidity, and the disease is in a stagnant state with light incidence. As the temperature rises from March to April of the following year, if there is an increase in rainy days and the relative humidity is high, the disease quickly spreads and harms. Vicia faba seedling stage rust mostly occurs on the main stem. Early sowing of broad bean to attack the main stem can delay flowering for 6-7 days, which can reduce the frost damage and reduce the pre-winter pathogen of broad bean rust. The main stem of the diseased stalk that was laid was tender and sharp and should be taken away from the field to prevent the spread of germs. Chemical control, in the early stage of disease, 0.5% Bordeaux mixture or 0.5% lime sulfur can be used, and 70 to 100 kg per mu can be applied evenly and applied continuously for 2 to 3 times at intervals of 7 to 10 times. Day, the control effect is good. With 80% of dexamethasone WP can be 500 ~ 600 times the liquid in the early stages of the disease, spraying each time about 60 kg of liquid per acre, continuous spraying 2 or 3 times, each time interval 7 to 10 days. 2. Broad bean leaf blight is a fungal disease, and it is more serious in low-drainage or low-potassium fields with poor drainage. In case of rainy days, the humidity is high and it develops rapidly. The main damage to the leaves, serious stems, flowers and larvae also occur on the lesions. At the beginning of the victim's blade, there were large spots of small red needles on the back of the leaves, which gradually expanded into a round or oval shape with a slight depression in the middle. The color was lighter, the edges were purplish red, and the micro uplift had obvious boundaries with the Ministry of Health. In wet conditions, grey moulds were found on the lesions. When the disease is serious, the diseased plants, including flowers, turn black and the leaves fall, and finally the whole plant withers. In the initial stage of faba bean spot disease in Yunnan Province, taking Suizhong as an example, the lesions appeared in the lower leaves from January to February. However, due to the low temperature and the dry season, the disease is not easy to develop and spread. After February, the temperature rose, and in the event of an increase in rain and humidity, the conidia were spread by the wind and spread rapidly. Control methods: mainly to pay attention to reasonable dense planting, open field drainage irrigation ditch, increase potassium fertilizer. Chemical control, can be used 1% of Bordeaux mixture sprayed three times, each time interval of 7 days, or with anti-virus scorpion, fast-king, metalaxyl manganese zinc, and other three kinds of drugs, with 1:800 times liquid Uniform spray, re-spray once every 15 days, continuous spraying 3 to 5 times, can greatly reduce the disease. 3. Vicia faba Bacterial blight, also known as blight, wilt disease, commonly known as mycorrhizal disease, broad bean pod disease, etc., is one of the major diseases of broad beans. Diseases caused by Fusarium. The optimum temperature for the growth of pathogenic bacteria is 24 to 26°C, the soil moisture content is less than 65% of the disease, and more than 70% of the disease is alleviated. It can be diseased in the whole life of broad bean, but it is heavier in tender period. After the seedlings are killed, yellow leaves appear on the initial leaves, and then gradually become dark and coke. The base of the stems turns black. As the disease progresses, the tip of the roots of the roots begins to darken, and gradually spreads to the main root, causing the root rot to rot, and is easy to pull up. In the flowering and poding stage, the leaves become pale green and gradually turn yellowish. The leaf margins, especially the tip parts, often become black and dry, and the leaves do not fall off. Generally, the whole plant withers in 20-30 days after disease. Control methods: The main selection of disease-resistant varieties, due to the heavy incidence of soil drought, so pay attention to timely irrigation. Germs can survive in the soil for 2 to 3 years. A reasonable rotation is also an important measure for disease prevention. At the beginning of the disease, 2% to 5% of lime water can be sprayed, 80% of zein zinc WP can be sprayed with 500 to 600 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim WP can be uniformly sprayed at 1000 times, and the general medicine is 2~3. Secondly, every time 5 to 7 days apart, or 30 to 40 kilograms of fresh grass ash mixed with water per acre is applied to the soil near the roots of broad bean, disease development can be controlled. 4. Broad bean spot is a fungal disease, and it is also an important common disease of broad bean. It mainly harms the leaves, stems, pods and seeds. The first red spots on the leaves, the center of the lesion light gray, dark brown or red edges. The surface often has concentric ring patterns, and the lesion often detaches in the center to show perforation symptoms. Under drought conditions, the center of the lesion is white. Control methods: Strictly disinfect the seeds, pay attention to removing the sick plants in the field, concentrating the manure or burning; implement crop rotation; strengthen the field management, drain the ditch, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and promote the robust growth of broad bean plants and increase the disease resistance; Bordeaux spray can be used at the beginning of the disease, spray once every 6 to 7 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times. 5. Vicia faba root rot is a fungal disease, which is a kind of disease with high temperature and humidity. The incidence in Yunnan is more common, and the incidence is generally severe in the faba bean flowering period. Fortunately, it harms the base of the roots and stems, causing the whole plant to wither. The primary roots and stem bases of the affected plants are born with water-stained lesions, with black rots, decayed lateral roots, and easy detachment of the cortex. The dense roots of white mold on the surface of the rotten roots are the mycelium of the bacteria and later turn into black particles. Sclerotia of germs. After the stem stems evaporate and dry, it turns gray, the epidermis breaks like a flax, and the inside sometimes has mucus-like black particles. Prevention and control measures: strengthen field management, timely irrigation in drought, dredge drainage when it is rainy, rational rotation, and no nitrogen fertilizer; reasonably dense planting to ensure good ventilation and light transmission, enhance plant disease resistance, and reduce disease. At the time of sowing, cover with 50% carbendazim 150g mixed dry soil per acre. At the seedling stage, 50% carbendazim was used 1000 times to irrigate the roots, or 70% thiophanate 800 to 1500 times, or 65% zeocin WP 600 times.

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