Measures to Improve Chicken Hatching Rate

The hatching rate of hatching eggs has always been the main concern of the poultry farms and hatchery sites. It is directly related to the economic benefits of breeding farms and hatcheries. In summary, there are three reasons for poor hatching: improper feeding and management of breeding birds, poor preservation of preserved eggs, and inappropriate hatching conditions. Therefore, the following measures should be taken to increase the hatching rate of hatching eggs. Strengthen the breeding and management of breeding birds To supply full-price mixed feed for poultry breeding, it is necessary to keep feeding in strict accordance with the breeding standards for breeding chickens to ensure that the breeding chickens have sufficient nutrient supply. It is necessary not only to meet the energy and protein needs of the breeding birds, but also to pay attention to the rational supply of minerals, vitamins and trace elements, because the full price of nutrient supply is the material basis for increasing the hatchability of the breeding eggs. Scientific management provides suitable environmental conditions for the growth, development and production of breeding birds. Appropriate feeding and management methods are adopted, and the prevention and treatment of chicken diseases is strictly observed. Strict implementation of the epidemic prevention program prevents diseases. Use the correct breeding method and strictly match the proportion of male and female chickens to ensure that the male rooster has a strong fertility, and fundamentally increase the fertilization rate of the hatching eggs so as to improve the hatching effect of the hatching eggs. Selection of strict egg-laying, preservation and transportation Selection of eggs for transport and disinfection Eggs should be derived from high-performance, disease-free egg-transmitting diseases, high fertility rate, feed with nutritious feed, well-managed flocks, and the fertilization rate meets the requirements of the poultry species. Generally, the fertilization rate of brown eggs should be above 85%~90%, the fertilization rate of white shell eggs should be above 92%~98%, and the eggshell texture should be uniform. Books, rough-faced "salp eggs" and overly hard "steel eggs" cannot be hatched. The egg weight should meet the requirements of this breed. The egg shape is oval and the egg shape index is preferably 0.74. Generally, the first 2 weeks to 3 weeks of production of eggs, oversized and undersized eggs, and deformed eggs should not be hatched. The shell surface of the egg is to be clean and free of cracks, and the color conforms to the requirements of the poultry species. Eggs that contaminate feces, blood, eggs, and cracked eggs can cause embryos to die during hatching, resulting in reduced hatchability and reduced chick quality. Preservation and transportation of eggs Even if eggs from elite breeders are carefully selected, if they are not properly preserved, the hatching rate will be reduced, resulting in inability to hatch. In order to ensure proper temperature and humidity for egg preservation, eggs should be kept in a dedicated warehouse. The requirements are: good heat insulation (antifreeze, heat protection), cleanliness, fresh air, no odor, dust-proof sand, no mosquitoes And rats, do not let direct sunlight and drafts blow directly to the eggs. The egg bank should also be provided with separate compartments to facilitate the reception, inventory, grading, and packing of eggs. The temperature in the egg bank is preferably in the range of 13°C to 18°C. When the storage time is short, the upper limit is adopted, and when the storage time is long, the lower limit is adopted. The humidity of the egg bank is suitable for 75%~80%. If the humidity is too low, the moisture in the egg is easy to evaporate. If the humidity is too high, mildew may occur. The preservation time of eggs can not be too long, generally the most suitable within 7 days after childbirth, the best hatching effect is from 3 days to 5 days. When the eggs are stored for more than one week, they are transferred once or twice a day during the storage period or the blunt end of the eggs is placed downward so that the yolk is located at the center to prevent the adhesion of the embryos to the egg shell and affect the hatching effect. When transporting eggs, pay attention in advance to the blunt end of the eggs, package them well, and gently handle them so as not to damage them. Egg disinfection Because many diseases can be transmitted directly through the eggs, egg disinfection is an effective measure to improve the quality of eggs. Eggs that have just been produced have been contaminated by bacteria in the cloaca, and the bacteria are distributed on the surface of the eggshell. Contamination of the eggs can affect the hatching rate and cause the spread of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to timely quail eggs, quail eggs 4 to 6 times a day; second is to timely disinfect the eggs, each species is best to set up a disinfection room, eggs collected immediately after disinfection, otherwise bacteria can be passed after 30 minutes The stomata enters the egg, at which point the surface disinfection is no longer effective. Disinfected eggs may also be contaminated after storage and transportation, so be sure to disinfect again before hatching. The most commonly used disinfection method is formaldehyde fumigation: use 14 g of potassium permanganate per square meter of space, formalin 28 ml, temperature 20 °C ~ 26 °C, relative humidity 60% ~ 75%, fumigation for 20 minutes ~ 30 minute. Can also be used disinfectant cleaning and disinfection, disinfection of eggs, per cubic meter with 16% peroxy acetic acid solution 40 ml to 60 ml, plus 4 grams of potassium permanganate to 6 grams, fumigation for 15 minutes. However, it must be noted that it is thermally unstable and should be stored at low temperatures. Creating suitable hatching conditions The quality of hatching technology directly affects the effect of hatching. The hatching should master the external conditions, ie temperature, humidity, ventilation, turning eggs, cool eggs, eggs, transfer plates and hygiene, and the most appropriate hatching. The condition is to obtain high hatchability and external conditions for excellent chicks. Temperature and temperature are the most important conditions for hatching and are the key to determining the success of hatching. Embryo development requires a certain temperature, and only a suitable temperature for embryonic development can be obtained in order to obtain a high hatching rate. The indoor temperature of the incubator should be maintained at 20°C~25°C. The suitable temperature for chicken hatching was 1 day~6 days at 37.8°C, 7 days~12 days at 37.5°C, 13 days~18 days at 37.2°C, and 20 days~21 days at about 37°C. Excessively high or too low temperatures can affect the development of embryos and, in severe cases, cause embryonic death. Different stages of embryonic development, the external temperature requirements are also different. In the early stage of hatching, due to the embryo’s just development, the body produces very little body heat and its ability to regulate temperature is poor. In this period, the incubation temperature is slightly higher. In the middle stage of incubation, the embryonic development is gradually accelerated, and the ability to regulate the temperature itself is increased. The incubation temperature It should be kept constant; at the later stage of incubation, the embryo will generate a lot of body heat, and the embryos will be transferred to the hatching machine and wait for the chicks to hatch. The temperature will be slightly lower at this time, and the temperature of the hatching machine will be lower than the temperature in the incubator. About 1 °C lower (ie 36.5 °C ~ 37 °C). Humidity and humidity also play a significant role in the development of chicken embryos, and it is also one of the important conditions for hatching. General requirements reach 40% to 70%. Incubation relative humidity, in the initial stage of incubation (1 day to 7 days), embryos need to form amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid, higher humidity requirements, 50% to 60%; mid-hatching (8 days to 18 days), due to embryonic Amniotic fluid and allantoic fluid need to be discharged, the relative humidity is lower, 50%~55%; in the late stage of incubation (19 days~21 days), the chicken is about to hatch, and should be given to prevent the chick's villus from sticking to the eggshell membrane. High relative humidity can generally be increased to 70% to 75%. The relative humidity in the hatchery and hatching room should be kept at 65%~75%. Ventilation Because the embryo constantly absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide during its development, sufficient fresh air must be supplied to maintain the normal gas metabolism of the embryo. Therefore, ventilation is very important. The purpose of turning eggs is to change the orientation of the embryos, prevent adhesions, and promote amniotic movement. When hatching, eggs are generally turned every 2 hours. It is advisable to turn the eggs at a 45-degree angle from the horizontal position. After 18 days of incubation, move the hatcher and stop turning the egg. Cool egg cool egg refers to a kind of operating procedure that the eggs hatch to a certain time, turn off the electric heat and even open the incubator door, let the egg temperature drop, its purpose is to disperse the waste heat in the incubator, so that the embryo gets more fresh air. Generally, cool eggs and eggs are processed at the same time. If the hatching conditions are within a suitable range, cool eggs may not be necessary. The purpose of making eggs according to eggs is to observe whether the embryos are normal. If they are found to be abnormal, they can adjust the hatching conditions in time to obtain a good hatching effect. Generally 3 times, for the first time in the incubation period of 5 days to 6 days, no zygote, dead zygote and cracked egg will be taken out, registered into the table, calculate the fertility rate and feedback to the breeding farm; About 11 days, the main embryos will be hatched midway embryos in order to avoid deterioration during hatching burst; the third time in the transfer of the disk, while side of the side of the test eggs, remove the late dead embryonic eggs. When the embryos hatched (dropped) to 18 days, the embryos were transferred from the incubator to the hatcher. When moving the plate, if the room temperature should be properly increased, the movement should be light, steady, and fast, and the amount of broken eggs should be minimized. The uppermost hatching dish is covered with a silk screen to prevent the chicks from licking when hatching. The peak of the hatching of egg chickens is 20 days plus 10 hours. After 1/3 of the chicks are hatched, 20 ml of formalin and 30 ml of warm water are added to the bottom of the hatcher. Volatilization of chicks by natural volatilization. The chicks were all hatched and 95% of chicks immediately hatched when the fluff was dry. To strengthen the process flow of hygiene and disinfection work incubator rooms, strict observance of "preservation of eggs, eggs, egg storage, egg disposal (grading, yards, etc.), hatching, transfer, hatching, chick disposal (grading, identification, vaccination) The principle of one-way flow, such as storing chicks and sending chicks, must not be reversed. In order to reduce and avoid disease infections, the cleanliness of the hatchery floor, walls, incubator equipment and air is very important and should be carefully washed and disinfected regularly. In short, the increase in the hatchability of breeding eggs depends on the joint efforts of breeder farms and hatchery plants. Only under the precondition of strengthening management and rigorously following every critical step, can the stable production and high yield of hatchery production be achieved, and ultimately provide customers with high quality and healthy chicks. .

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