Early-season high-yielding cultivation techniques for dwarf and dense planting of shatang tangerine
Shatang orange is native to Guangdong Sihui and is a famous local variety in Guangzhou and Sihui. It has wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, high yield and stable yield, good fruit quality, fruity orange yellow, sweet, thin and peelable, on the market. High reputation, deeply loved by consumers. The main measures for dwarfing and dense planting early-season and high-yielding cultivation techniques for Shatang are described below for reference:
First, the establishment of plantation
Shatangju has a wide adaptability and strict requirements on soil conditions. It can be planted regardless of paddy field, hillside land and alluvial soil, but soil structure should be good, soil is deep, fertile, water is sufficient, drainage and irrigation are convenient, soil pH is 5.5~ 6.5 Between sandy loam or gravel soil planting. Generally, they can be planted after the new shoots are matured and before the next shoot is sprouted. Spring plants and autumn and winter plants are preferred.
Planting specifications adopt the dwarf close planting cultivation method, that is, strains, behavioral distance of 2.22.5 meters, 120 acres of planting.
Before planting, planting holes should be opened and the soil in the planting holes should be improved so as to develop the growth and development of the root system. Paddy fields are lined with sorghum. In poorly-ground dry lands and hillside lands, dig deep and wide one-meter-wide planting holes or use sulcus to replace planting holes. When soil is reconstituted, one layer of soil is divided into 3 to 4 layers of fertilizer. In general, every cubic meter of planting hole should be placed. 75 to 100 kg of soil mixed fertilizer, 0.5 to 0.75 kg of lime.
Second, planting methods. Seedlings should be graded for easy management. When planting, the fibrous roots should be allowed to stretch naturally, without direct contact with the unfermented fertilizer, so as not to cause root damage and affect the growth. Soil should be compacted at the time of returning to the soil. The height of the filling cannot be buried in the grafted interface. Planting water after planting leaves the roots to keep the soil moist. The temperature is high, the weather is clear and there is no rain, the soil is dry, it is necessary to spray water every day, and it is necessary to pay attention to the drainage of water in rainy days.
Third, young tree management
The goals of the young tree management: nurture a strong underground root system, strong shoots on the aboveground skeleton, and a firm structure. Early knot, high yield, stable production crown crown. Mainly do a good job:
1. Young trees have small canopies, and there are many empty spaces between plants and rows. They should make full use of intercropping to plant dwarf crops such as peanuts, beans, and green manure in order to improve soil fertility and improve the orchard's microclimate.
2, prompt release. A tree of age is mainly cultivated with a canopy, and four shoots are placed. Each shoot requires a robust shoot with 2 to 3 treaties of 6 to 8 inches on each base. 1 Spring shoots (February), 2 early summer shoots (early May), 3 late summer shoots (July, mid-July), and 4 autumn shoots (mid-September), the fall time of hanging autumn fruit trees During the period of summer to Bailu, choose to control the tip of the shoot, and focus on mastering two 80% of the shoots. This means that 80% of the trees are full of sprouts, and 80% of the shoots per plant Germination draws.
3, a reasonable fertilization. An age tree fertilization is based on the principle of diligence and thin provision, and it is mainly to do “one tip three fertilizers†namely, tip tip fertilizer, self-scissor fertilizer and green manure. Application of quick-acting fertilizers and decomposed human excreta. The deep-turning and soil-changing work in the garden has expanded its roots.
Fourth, result tree management
1, fertilization. The results of tree fertilization mainly according to its growth and development requirements, to organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, rhizosphere fertilizer and dressing fertilizer combined with the outside, N, P, K fertilizer used in conjunction, pay attention to the application of appropriate trace element fertilizer.
Apply fertilizer four times. 1 promote flower shoot fertilizer. Before the spring shoots, the quick-effect N fertilizer is the mainstay. 2 fruit strong fruit fertilizer. Mainly in the second physiological fruit drop before the application, N fertilizer should be used with caution, combined with P, K fertilizer. 3 autumn shoot fertilizer. In the 15 to 20 days before the white dew, under the application of quick-acting N fertilizer, with P, K fertilizer. 4 winter fertilizer. After the fruit is harvested, the total long-term organic fertilizer is the main component, and the fast-acting N fertilizer should be properly supplemented for the multi-fruited and high-yield trees.
2. Grasp the spring shoots, control summer shoots, and promote autumn shoots. Sparse part of spring shoots to reduce nutrient consumption. Manually wipe off early summer shoots and put young shoots on young trees. The autumn shoot is the main result of Shatangju, and if the autumn shoots are substantial, it is directly related to the flowering results in the coming year. Therefore, we have been paying great attention to the management of autumn shoots for a few years. In the cool weather during the white dew, pruning is carried out 7-10 days before the shoot tipping. The short-term shoots are large and the result tree is replaced with fruit-for-knife (that is, the fruit is cut off), so as to ensure sufficient amount of strong autumn shoots. , And wipe the shoots. Youth trees, fertilizers and water management of good orchard can be put on the white tip, put the tipping time can not be too early or too late, premature release, may pumping winter shoots, too late to put down the tip of autumn can not be mature, affect flower bud differentiation.
3, to promote flower bud differentiation. Through the application of fruit before and after the fertilizer, autumn shoots mature after the old water, combined with deep turning to change the root and other measures to inhibit the growth of winter shoots, increase the concentration of sap, and promote flower bud differentiation.
4, preserved fruit. 1 Xiehua 2/3 spray 1 to 2 times 5 ~ 8PPM2.4-D, increase the rate of fruit set. 2 The fight for nutrients in topnuts is the main factor affecting the fruit setting rate, especially in young orchards, where there are no flowers and spring shoots are too long, which consumes a large amount of nutrients, affecting the development of flower organs and young fruit and causing a large number of fruit drop and fruit drop, so it should be properly sparse. except. 3 timely removal of early summer shoots to reduce the fight for nutrients. 4 Add fertilizing materials and top dressings outside the roots. In addition to applying a fruit dressing in April, apply 2-3 times 0.3% urea plus 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, add 0.1% borax and 0.1% magnesium sulfate. To increase the percentage of fruit set.
5, pay attention to winter pruning work. Moderate winter pruning is one of the key measures for dwarf close planting and stable production, but the principle of pruning is mainly light shearing, combined with the winter clearing garden, cut off dead branches, branches and branches, cross branches, short cuts, long branches, drooping branches, delicate Branches, and there are plans for the 5 to 9 part of the branches back to shorten the cut, cut the thickness of about 1 cm control. Try to keep the green leaf branches, keep the crowns airy and transparent, and maintain the independence of the tree crown.
6, do pest control work. Highlighting the principle of prevention as the main principle and prevention as the most important thing. Organically use comprehensive prevention and control of agriculture, biological control, chemical prevention, and physical control. Mainly to do a good job: 1 do a good job of tree trimming, soil, fertilizer, water and other management, increase tree vigor, improve plant resistance. 2 Attach importance to the winter clearing garden, deepen the whole garden, apply lime, remove the branches, fruits, and leaves of the pests, spray 0.8 to 1 degree of lime sulfur mixture 1 to 2 times, and use pine resin mixture 1 times to remove overwintering pests and diseases. 3 Select suitable pesticides and use concentration, use drugs in the best period of prevention and control, control early, focus on treatment, and eradicate pests and diseases at the beginning stage. At the same time pay attention to the use of pesticides in order to prevent pests and diseases. Mixed different types of pesticides to improve efficacy, in order to achieve the purpose of cure. Shatang orange pests and diseases mainly catch yellow dragon disease, ulcer disease, split fruit disease, red, rust spider, leaf leaf moth, etc.
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