How to prevent potato late blight

Potatoes are frequently affected by various diseases throughout their growing season. Both autumn sowing (done in September) and spring planting (typically in January) can lead to disease outbreaks. Once major diseases occur, yield losses can exceed 30%, and the quality of the tubers is significantly reduced. In severe cases, entire fields may be destroyed, leading to total crop failure. To prevent these issues, several effective control methods are recommended. One of the most destructive potato diseases is late blight, also known as "blight" or "potato rot." This disease thrives in low-lying areas with poor drainage, high humidity, and excessive nitrogen fertilizer use. When conditions are favorable—such as warm temperatures and high moisture—the disease spreads rapidly, causing infected plants to die. Initially, dark green, irregularly shaped spots appear on the leaf tips and edges. These spots gradually turn brown and enlarge. Under humid conditions, a white mold layer develops at the border between diseased and healthy tissue. The stems may show brown streaks, and when wet, they also produce white mold. Infected tubers develop brown pits, further reducing marketability. To manage potato late blight effectively, growers should adopt a combination of cultural, agronomic, and chemical practices. First, it's important to choose disease-resistant potato varieties and use certified disease-free seed potatoes. Crop rotation is another essential strategy; severely affected fields should not be planted with potatoes or other solanaceous crops for at least three years. Additionally, avoid planting potatoes near tomatoes, maintaining a distance of 300 to 500 meters to reduce cross-infection risks. Soil management plays a key role in disease prevention. Applying balanced fertilizers—especially potassium—can improve plant resistance. Proper drainage is crucial to reduce field humidity, while removing and destroying infected plants helps limit disease spread. Burning diseased material in a centralized area is an effective way to minimize inoculum levels. In terms of chemical control, early intervention is critical. As soon as symptoms are observed, apply fungicides promptly to prevent further spread. A typical application schedule involves spraying every 5 to 7 days, with 2 to 3 treatments usually required. Commonly used fungicides include 64% mancozeb at a dilution of 500 to 750 times, 58% iprodione + mancozeb at 500 to 600 times, 80% mancozeb at 500 times, or 40% chlorothalonil suspension at 500 to 600 times. Always follow label instructions and rotate fungicides to prevent resistance development.

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