New blood tests bring good news to cancer patients
Release date: 2017-04-25
Identifying specific genetic mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) can help clinicians choose the best treatment option. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics describes a new blood test that quickly and accurately identifies genetic mutations associated with non-small cell lung cancer, enabling clinicians to make early, personalized treatment options.
One of the inventors of the method, Gary A., vice president of development operations at Biodesix. Dr. Pestano said the study was crucial because it was the first to demonstrate that in the absence of a hospital diagnostic device, blood can be used to detect actionable mutations, and it takes only 72 hours from sample collection to production. . 
The suability mutation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Treatments that target mutations can improve outcomes, such as reducing the risk of death or reducing the severity of the disease. For non-small cell lung cancer, certain genetic mutations can be used to identify whether a patient is sensitive or resistant to a therapy. For example, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations may sensitize patients to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs (such as erlotinib or gefitinib), while patients with EGFR T790M mutations are more resistant to these drugs. Subject to some. Patients with ALK rearrangements are not sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs, but are sensitive to other targeted therapies, such as ceretinib.
Dr. Pestano said, "The new technology we developed can detect suspicious mutations in patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer, thereby increasing clinical outcomes."
The new technology uses a highly sensitive gene mutation detection method based on the separation of DNA into droplets to detect specific circulating tumor DNA mutations and RNA mutations in the blood .
The researchers tested in 1600 samples. Of these samples, 10.5% had EGFR sensitivity, 18.8% had EGFR resistance, 13.2% had KRAS mutations, and 2% had EML4-ALK mutations. The study found that this method has a sensitivity of more than 80% and a specificity of 100% for each mutation. In most cases, blood tests and tissue biopsies yield the same results. Another advantage of this approach is that it can be performed quickly: 94% of the available results are available after 72 hours of blood draw, and tissue-based testing can take several weeks to get results.
In addition to providing insights into treatment, this approach may also help to assess disease recurrence, drug resistance, and the like. The first author of this article, Dr. Hestia Mellert, said that this approach allows doctors in remote areas to access patient information more quickly.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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