Apple crack prevention measures
In recent years, fruit rust and microcracking, which is the center of lenticels, have occurred in some apple fields in China in different degrees each year. The incidence of crack disease in some orchards has reached more than 40%. Apples that have crack disease have completely lost. Commerciality causes serious economic losses to farmers. So how did apple crack disease happen? How to prevent apple crack disease? Let's find out about it.
1. Environmental factors. The drought, high temperature, windy and orchard environmental mutation during apple growth and development are the direct causes of crack disease. Winter irrigation has a significant effect on inhibiting the occurrence of crack disease. According to our investigation, the occurrence of orchard crack disease in winter irrigation is relatively light.
2. Soil conditions. Orchard soil nutrient conditions are closely related to the occurrence of apple crack disease. Studies have shown that shallow or thin soil layers or lack of soil moisture affect the absorption of nutrients by the roots, resulting in crack disease. In the orchards with high organic matter content and balanced nutrients, cracks rarely occur. In addition, the application of potash fertilizer to the soil also helps to mitigate the occurrence of cracks. When the content of calcium, boron in the soil is insufficient, or the nitrogen content is too high, apple crack disease intensifies. Under long-term orchard orchard conditions, the crack phenomenon is significantly lower than that of clear orchard due to the balance of soil nutrient and water supply.
3. Cultivation conditions. Canopy closure, poor ventilation and light transmission will aggravate cracking. In areas with canopy closure, due to poor light conditions, the cuticles are not well developed and the elasticity is reduced. After prolonged drought, the pre-harvest rainfall or the orchard's high humidity, the cuticle is easily broken, and cracks are easily induced. In the survey, we also found that the positive surface of the fruit is usually evenly colored, and cracks rarely occur, and the fruit's dark surface is easily cracked.
Apple crack prevention measures
Water management Conditional orchards, as far as possible in winter or early spring irrigation once permeable, and pay attention to fruit irrigation period of irrigation, to maintain a stable soil moisture, so that the balanced growth of the fruit. Where there are poor water conditions, grass orchard and water-saving irrigation techniques should be implemented. Such as grass drip irrigation, grass micro-spray, spray a new high-fat lipid film to form a layer of physical polymer membrane, reduce moisture evaporation and prevent bacteria infection.
Soil management pays attention to the application of orchard organic fertilizer and balanced fertilization. During the flower bud period, the boron fertilizer is sprayed once, and the bagging film and foliar fertilizer are sprayed before the bagging of the young fruit period to improve the fertilizer efficiency. Meanwhile, the physical polymer film can also provide a healthy environment before fruit bagging.
The incidence of dwarfing anthropogenic trees is higher than that of Qiaohua. The dwarf trees should be deeply anviled, pruned, and rejuvenated. Minimize the use of pesticides that are irritating to the skin cells during the young fruit period. When using pesticides, use the new high fat film together to increase the utilization of the active ingredients of pesticides and reduce the amount of pesticides. Leaf picking, fruit transfer, and floor-reflective film fill light in time to promote sound development of the skin. Optimize the tree shape, eliminate excessive branches, open the inter-layer light path, reduce the low light efficiency crown area, and create favorable conditions for uniform coloring of the fruit.
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