Correct use of agricultural rotary cultivators and maintenance of faults

Rotary cultivation machinery has become widely adopted in China and is now a key component of agricultural equipment. Current drive-type farming machines include rotary cultivators, compound work machines, driven disc plows, tilled plows, paddy-driven rakes, and vertical rakes. Among these, rotary cultivators remain the most commonly produced and used. Over the past few decades, more than 145 models of rotary cultivators have been mass-produced and promoted, ranging from 2.2 kW to 74.6 kW walking and riding tractors. These models have largely replaced those from the late 1980s. Since the 1990s, China has introduced new rotary plowing and multi-functional tools, which are gradually entering the market. Today, there are about 150,000 medium-sized tractors equipped with rotary cultivators, along with 2 million hand-operated and small four-wheel rotary cultivators. In southern China, rotary cultivators account for 80% of rice production, and their use is also expanding in northern rice fields, vegetable farming, and land reclamation. One of the main advantages of rotary cultivators is their strong soil-working capability, leaving a smooth and even surface after operation. In dryland conditions, the tractor’s power take-off (PTO) drives the rotating blades, cutting the soil and breaking up clods. This results in a uniform, flat field without furrows. The compact design of the machine allows for efficient operation, reducing land coverage and increasing productivity. Additionally, the design helps maximize the tractor's power by using the reaction force from the blades to assist forward motion, minimizing slippage and improving efficiency. Rotary cultivators can complete multiple tasks in one pass, reducing the number of operations, saving time and energy, and helping farmers meet tight seasonal deadlines. To use a rotary cultivator correctly, it’s important to choose the right speed for both the tractor and the blade rotation. For dryland operations, the ideal speed is 2–3 km/h, while for deeper plowing, 3–5 km/h is recommended. Blade speeds vary depending on the soil type: lower speeds (around 200 rpm) are used for heavy soils, while higher speeds (up to 270 rpm) are suitable for lighter soils. Proper lifting procedures are also essential, as some tractors require the PTO to be engaged when raising the machine. If the blades get stuck, the PTO should be disengaged to avoid damage. Regular maintenance is crucial for optimal performance. Chain tension must be adjusted properly to prevent excessive wear or slipping. Bearings should be checked and adjusted for proper clearance, either by adding or removing shims or using adjustment nuts. Key components like blades, tool holders, and shafts need regular inspection and replacement if damaged. Faults such as worn clutch teeth, weak springs, or excessive wear in the engagement sleeve can lead to gear disengagement, so timely repairs are necessary. Proper maintenance includes daily checks for loose bolts, worn parts, and oil levels, as well as quarterly deep cleaning, lubrication, and blade replacement. When not in use, rotary cultivators should be stored on level ground to prevent damage. Following these practices ensures long-term reliability and efficiency, making rotary cultivators an essential tool for modern agriculture.

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