Correct use of agricultural rotary cultivators and maintenance of faults

Rotary tillage equipment has become widely adopted in China and is gradually evolving into a key category of agricultural machinery. The current range of drive-type farming machines includes rotary cultivators, compound work machines, driven disc plows, tilled plows, paddy-driven rakes, and vertical rakes. Among these, rotary cultivators remain the most commonly produced and used. Today, there are over 145 types of products available, including walking tractors and riding tractors with power outputs ranging from 2.2 to 74.6 kW, which have largely replaced earlier models from the late 1980s. Since the 1990s, numerous new rotary plowing and multi-functional tools have been developed and introduced to the market. Currently, about 150,000 domestic and medium-sized tractors are equipped with rotary cultivators, along with 2 million hand-operated and small four-wheel rotary cultivators. In southern China, rotary cultivators account for approximately 80% of rice production, and their use is also expanding in northern rice areas, vegetable farming, and land reclamation projects. **Key Features of Rotary Cultivators** 1. **Excellent Soil Processing**: After operation, the soil is smooth and even. In dryland conditions, the tractor’s power take-off (PTO) drives the rotary blades, cutting the soil and breaking up clods. This results in a flat, uniform surface without furrows. 2. **Compact Design**: The short longitudinal structure and limited earth-moving stroke reduce the amount of land disturbed, increasing productivity. 3. **Efficient Power Utilization**: When working, the tractor may experience wheel slippage. However, the direction of the blade’s cut is opposite to the tractor’s movement, creating a forward force that enhances traction and allows full use of the tractor’s power. 4. **Single-Pass Operation**: Rotary cultivators can complete multiple tasks in one pass, reducing the number of operations, saving time, and ensuring timely completion of farming activities during busy seasons. **Proper Use of Rotary Cultivators** 1. **Speed Selection**: For dryland operations, a speed of 2–3 km/h is recommended. For plowing or deep tilling, 3–5 km/h is suitable. Blade rotation speed varies: 200 rpm for paddy fields or heavy soils, and 270 rpm for lighter soils like hydroponic or alfalfa fields. 2. **Lifting Procedures**: Depending on the tractor model, the lifting mechanism of the rotary cultivator may be independent or linked to the PTO. Some models require the PTO to be engaged when lifting. If the blade gets stuck, disengaging the PTO can help lift the tool safely. **Adjustment and Maintenance of Rotary Cultivators** 1. **Chain Adjustment**: Ensure the chain is not too tight or loose. The tension should be within 5–10 kg, allowing the chain to move slightly but not excessively. 2. **Bearing Clearance**: Adjust using shims or adjustment nuts. Bearings should rotate smoothly without excessive resistance. If tight, add shims; if too loose, remove them. 3. **Main Working Parts Overhaul**: Blades must be sharpened or replaced if damaged. Tool holders and shaft tubes should be inspected for cracks or deformation and repaired or replaced as needed. **Common Faults and Troubleshooting** 1. **Clutch Wear**: Worn teeth can cause slipping. Repair or replace with new parts, and ensure proper heat treatment after welding. 2. **Spring Failure**: Weak or broken springs can lead to gear disengagement. Replace with standard springs to maintain stability. 3. **Wear in Grooves**: Excessive wear in engagement sleeves can cause misalignment. Repair or replace worn components. 4. **Joystick Wear**: Over-worn joystick grooves and ball heads can affect gear engagement. Weld and recondition, or replace if necessary. **Correct Maintenance Practices** Regular maintenance is essential for the longevity and performance of rotary cultivators. Class maintenance involves checking bolts, wear parts, and lubrication. Quarterly maintenance includes cleaning, oil replacement, blade inspection, and general checks. If not in use for long periods, the cultivator should be stored on level ground, not hanging from the tractor. Proper care ensures optimal performance and reduces downtime.

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