How to prevent potato scab
2020-06-05 16:19:46
Recently, many farmers’ friends came to the phone to ask how to prevent potato scab. According to their reports, the economic benefits of planting potatoes in the local area are higher and the planting area is expanding. However, the incidence and severity of potato scabs are also increasing. Some plots have reached the point where they can no longer grow potatoes.
Potato scab is a bacterial disease. The bacteria invaded from the lenticels and wounds of the tuber and started to appear brown spots on the surface of the tuber, which later expanded or merged into brown spots. The lesions are concave in the center, and the edges are corked and raised, and the surface is markedly rough and sore. Although the lesions are limited to the cortex, the diseased potatoes are not resistant to storage, the appearance is ugly, they are not good for sale, the prices of commodities are reduced, and economic losses are serious.
It has been identified that the germs have spread through long-distance diseased seed potatoes. Not only can germs live on potatoes, but also can rot in the soil. Once passed to the new area, they can survive in the diseased potato and soil and live for many years. The main causes of the analysis of potato scab in some areas are: (1) The seed quarantine and the disinfection of seed potatoes are not strictly controlled in the process of expanding cultivation, and the pathogens are artificially transmitted; (2) The disease is in the early stage and the harm is light. No attention has been given, and there has not been a very effective soil disinfectant; (3) Continuous cropping has caused continuous accumulation of pathogens in the soil.
Although many studies have pointed out that the choice of good water retention land cultivation; to strengthen water management, especially during the expansion of potato potato block to keep the soil moist and increase the maturity of organic fertilizer, increase soil acidity and other measures can reduce the degree of disease; Streptomycin for agriculture Neomycin, Garrinone (Clasmicin), chlorpyrifos (copper hydroxide) and other agents also have a certain role in the killing of pathogens, but it is very difficult to thoroughly kill the potato in the soil. The main and economical prevention and control approach is to cultivate disease-resistant varieties, use disease-free seed potatoes and implement rotation. In this way, the problem of prevention and control is closely integrated with the local agricultural development plan or the restructuring of the planting industry. The limiting factor in the implementation of crop rotation is that potato can only occupy a certain proportion in the local area. A simple figure is: If you want to ensure that the potato is kept for four seasons every quarter, you need to limit the potato planting area to not more than one-fifth. This is almost unacceptable for some areas where potatoes are to be developed. However, the cruel reality is that scabs may ruin your expansion plan, and even after a few years, you can even re-enact a one-fifth of it. The plan for planting potatoes on the land cannot be achieved either, because no field without germs can be found anymore. A similar situation occurred on cotton. Yellow wilt disease caused a shift in the cotton cultivation area in China. It was a very painful lesson.
Of course, growers can also choose another technical route, which is to do a good job of plant quarantine from beginning to end to prevent the introduction of germs. If it can be done, it can also expand the cultivation of potatoes. As a long-term and steady plant protection strategy, it also increases the ability of local agricultural ecological balance, such as increasing biodiversity and genetic diversity. This is to pay attention to formulating agricultural development plans based on ecological principles. The organisms and environment planted in a region constitute an agro-ecosystem. It is a whole. Planning must consider all aspects. Ignoring any aspect may lead to adverse consequences.
Potato scab is a bacterial disease. The bacteria invaded from the lenticels and wounds of the tuber and started to appear brown spots on the surface of the tuber, which later expanded or merged into brown spots. The lesions are concave in the center, and the edges are corked and raised, and the surface is markedly rough and sore. Although the lesions are limited to the cortex, the diseased potatoes are not resistant to storage, the appearance is ugly, they are not good for sale, the prices of commodities are reduced, and economic losses are serious.
It has been identified that the germs have spread through long-distance diseased seed potatoes. Not only can germs live on potatoes, but also can rot in the soil. Once passed to the new area, they can survive in the diseased potato and soil and live for many years. The main causes of the analysis of potato scab in some areas are: (1) The seed quarantine and the disinfection of seed potatoes are not strictly controlled in the process of expanding cultivation, and the pathogens are artificially transmitted; (2) The disease is in the early stage and the harm is light. No attention has been given, and there has not been a very effective soil disinfectant; (3) Continuous cropping has caused continuous accumulation of pathogens in the soil.
Although many studies have pointed out that the choice of good water retention land cultivation; to strengthen water management, especially during the expansion of potato potato block to keep the soil moist and increase the maturity of organic fertilizer, increase soil acidity and other measures can reduce the degree of disease; Streptomycin for agriculture Neomycin, Garrinone (Clasmicin), chlorpyrifos (copper hydroxide) and other agents also have a certain role in the killing of pathogens, but it is very difficult to thoroughly kill the potato in the soil. The main and economical prevention and control approach is to cultivate disease-resistant varieties, use disease-free seed potatoes and implement rotation. In this way, the problem of prevention and control is closely integrated with the local agricultural development plan or the restructuring of the planting industry. The limiting factor in the implementation of crop rotation is that potato can only occupy a certain proportion in the local area. A simple figure is: If you want to ensure that the potato is kept for four seasons every quarter, you need to limit the potato planting area to not more than one-fifth. This is almost unacceptable for some areas where potatoes are to be developed. However, the cruel reality is that scabs may ruin your expansion plan, and even after a few years, you can even re-enact a one-fifth of it. The plan for planting potatoes on the land cannot be achieved either, because no field without germs can be found anymore. A similar situation occurred on cotton. Yellow wilt disease caused a shift in the cotton cultivation area in China. It was a very painful lesson.
Of course, growers can also choose another technical route, which is to do a good job of plant quarantine from beginning to end to prevent the introduction of germs. If it can be done, it can also expand the cultivation of potatoes. As a long-term and steady plant protection strategy, it also increases the ability of local agricultural ecological balance, such as increasing biodiversity and genetic diversity. This is to pay attention to formulating agricultural development plans based on ecological principles. The organisms and environment planted in a region constitute an agro-ecosystem. It is a whole. Planning must consider all aspects. Ignoring any aspect may lead to adverse consequences.
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