Jujube rust
Jujube rust Jujube rust, also known as jujube, is an epidemic disease that infects the leaves of jujube trees. Often in the fruit enlargement of jujube caused a large number of deciduous, jujube fruit shrinkage, pulp sugar content decreased, the majority of jujube fruit loss of food value. The worst-hit year even ended in nowhere. After the early fall of the diseased plant, secondary sprouting occurred, which also led to a decrease in production in the following year. It became a major problem to be solved in the production of red dates.
Symptoms: The date rust occurs only on the leaves. It begins with scattered light green dots on the back of the leaves, and then gradually bulges off as dark yellowish brown, which is the uredia spores heap of pathogens. The summer spores are irregular in shape and have a diameter of about 0.5 mm. They occur on both sides of the midrib, the tip of the blade, and the base. After the table breaks and breaks, yellowish powder is emitted, namely the summer spores.
In the front of the blade, there is a small green dot corresponding to the uredia spores, and the edges are irregular. Leaves appear leafy, and gradually lose their luster, and finally dry off early fall off. Fallen leaves gradually spread from the lower part of the crown to the upper part. The teliospore pile usually occurs after defoliation. It is smaller than the summer stalks, and its diameter is 0.2-0.5 mm. It is dark brown and slightly raised, but it does not break through the epidermis.
The pathogen is Phakopsora ziziphi-vulgaris (P. Henn.) Diet. It belongs to Basidiomycotina.
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Characteristics of the disease? The overwintering method of jujube rust was identified. Winter spores were overwintered on fallen leaves and became the initial source of infection in the coming year.
1 Rainfall: The annual occurrence of jujube rust is closely related to the amount of rainfall from July to August. When the total rainfall in July of Huangzao District in Henan reaches 200-300 mm in July, the onset is early and heavy. If it is less than 130 mm, the onset is light and late.
Two works: Any low-pitched jujube forest, or high-stem crops such as intercropped corn and jujube forests in irrigated land, the rust is heavy, and the fallen leaves and fallen fruit are serious. It takes about 30 days from onset to defoliation, resulting in deciduous trees. After about 2 months.
3 Variety: The resistance of different varieties of jujube tree is different. Within the yellow flat nucleic acid, Xinzheng heart of the jujube, as well as the jujube, jujube jujube, the most resistant to disease; followed by Xinzheng gray jujube, Lingbao jujube, Quzhou Jinsixiaozao, etc.; Xinzheng September Green, Inner Yellow Walnut, Hebei Zanhuang Dazao, Anhui jujube, etc. are more resistant Bo? Jujube between different types of disease resistance are also different.
Control method?
1, to strengthen the cultivation and management: planting should not be too dense, proper trimmed dense branches, in order to facilitate ventilation and enhance the tree vigor. During the rainy season, water should be promptly removed to prevent the orchard from being too wet. The leaves are removed in winter and burned to reduce the source of germs.
2, spray protection:
(1) Spraying 200-300 times Bordeaux mixture (ie 1 part of copper sulfate, 2-3 parts of quicklime, 200-300 parts of water) or zinc-copper Bordeaux solution (0.5-0.6 parts of copper sulphate) mainly in the early July. , 0.4 to 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 2 to 3 parts of quicklime, and 200 to 300 parts of water). The popular year can be sprayed again in early August, which can effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of date rust.
(2) Available 25% triadimefon 1500 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times, 50% Zeocenzine WP 500 times or 50% retort WP 600 times, 75% methicone Bujin wettable powder 1000 times control, have good results.
Precautions. Spraying requirements are uniform, thoughtful and sufficient. Spraying time should be in the early stage of disease or rust on the appropriate date.
3, strengthen the cultivation and management. To build a new date garden, planting jujube trees should not be too dense, and the thick growing branches should be trimmed timely so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and enhance tree vigor. The rainy season should pay attention to timely drainage and reduce the humidity of the jujube garden. Late autumn clear leaves in time, concentrated burned or buried in order to reduce the source of overwintering bacteria. Jujube trees should not be planted between high-stalk crops.
4, outside the root chase fertilizer material. Jujube top dressing has the effect of improving photosynthesis and fruit setting rate, but also can prevent jujube rust Bo? In the jujube sensible period, can be sprayed 0.5% urea solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2- -3 times.
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