The morphology and habits of sea cucumber
The sea cucumber is also known as the sand puffer, which is an important economic species for the echinoderms, sea cucumbers, and wood shields. According to the survey, there are more than 1,100 varieties of sea cucumbers in the world, mainly distributed in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific regions. Among the sea cucumbers, there are more than 100 varieties that have been collected in China, but only 21 species of sea cucumbers can be eaten. The highest yield, the best quality and the best taste are still taken by the sea cucumber.
Sea cucumber is a temperate species, and it is one of the most important edible sea cucumbers, mainly distributed in shallow seas along the North Pacific coast, such as Japan, North Korea and the Russian Far East. Stichopus japonicus is mainly distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in China. It is the only temperate species that can grow in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea regions.
The sea cucumber is rich in nutrition, good in quality, and delicious. It is a well-known dish on the banquet. It was regarded as a precious seafood for hundreds of years and ranked among the "Bazhen." According to the analysis, there are 21.5 grams of protein per 100 grams of raw sea cucumber, which is mainly composed of a large number of mucins and various amino acids. Stichopus japonicus also contains anti-aging acid mucopolysaccharides, preliminary studies confirmed that more acid mucopolysaccharides contained in the viscera have anti-tumor and anticoagulant effects. Stichopus japonicus is not only of good quality, but also has medicinal properties such as warm, non-toxic, kidney yin, and pulse blood. It can be used to treat diseases such as diarrhea, ulcers, tuberculosis, and aplastic anemia.
Because of the high cost of sea cucumber, the amount of natural resources is far from satisfying the needs of the market. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad started to conduct a lot of research on the culture of sea cucumbers from the beginning of this century, and they continuously improved in the breeding practice.
From this issue onwards, this newspaper has specially set up a column series of "Apostichopus japonicus farming series". The section will introduce this species in four parts: morphology and habits, artificial seedling raising techniques, and aquaculture technology, harvesting and processing. Participation in the research, breeding, and market prospect analysis of the reference can help and help.
First, the external form of sea cucumber body is flat cylindrical, both ends of a little fine, the body is divided, abdomen on both sides. The original radiation symmetry, after the transfer to the left and right symmetry. The body is soft and stretchable. When it is stimulated by the outside world, it is easy to shrink; when it crawls, the body first shrinks and then stretches, showing a worm-like shape. The maximum body length when stretching can reach more than 40 centimeters.
The back of the body is divided into two spokes (step zone) and three inter-spokes (interstep zone). On the back, there are 4 rows to 6 rows of cone-shaped burrs (also known as cockroaches), which are deformed tube feet.
The ventral surface is relatively flat with three spokes and two interspaces. The entire ventral surface has small, dense projections, which are called tube feet. There is a suction cup at the end of the tube foot. The tube feet are roughly arranged in the ventral surface in three irregular longitudinal bands.
The tentacles are located on the ventral surface of the body, usually with 20 wooden shield tentacles around the mouth, arranged in a ring. Tentacles are born on a cylindrical shank, the front end resembles a petal, and the lobes of the petals often diverge shortly horizontally. The sea squid is placed on the entrance by tentacles and grabs.
The mouth is located in the center of the membrane and it has an annular protrusion at its entrance. The anus is located at the back of the body and slightly to the back. The genital hole is located on the spoke between 1 cm and 3 cm from the front of the head and is a concave hole. This hole has deeper pigments that are clearly visible during the reproductive season. In addition to the reproductive season, this hole is difficult to see.
Second, the internal structure
1. Body wall can be seen for human consumption after body wall incision. The body wall of sea cucumber is soft and full of gum. It consists of the following four layers:
(1) Epithelial layer The epithelial layer consists of a single layer of epidermal cells, which protects the body surface. Epidermal cells secrete mucus and lubricate the body.
(2) The cortical epithelial layer below is a thick colloidal layer, mainly connective tissue. The quality of sea cucumber products depends on the thickness and fullness of the skin. Numerous tiny calcareous bone fragments are embedded between the epithelium and the cortex. Lime bone slices, shape changes with age. The table-shaped bony plate of the young sea cucumber is tall and tall, with a large chassis and a smooth periphery; the table-shaped bone piece tower of the old sea cucumber is low or disappears, leaving only small perforated plates.
The molecular structure of carotene is equivalent to 2 molecules of vitamin A. After entering the body, it passes through enzyme action in liver and small intestinal mucosa, of which 50% becomes vitamin A, which has the effect of reinforcing liver and improving eyesight and can treat night blindness.As a kind of "filling material" in the intestinal tract, it can strengthen the intestinal peristalsis, thereby benefiting the diaphragm and preventing cancer.So the carrot is a germplasm crisp taste, rich nutrition of vegetables, known as "little ginseng", by the way, we also provide potatoes, carrots, cabbage, red star apple, fresh red Fuji, crown pear fresh fruit, fresh sweet pears, fresh broccoli, eggplant, fresh new potatoes, Garlic, garlic, Ginger, welcome to order.
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