Brief analysis of blister packaging technology

Blister packs are a method of packaging a product between a blister formed from a transparent plastic sheet and a backsheet (made of cardboard, plastic film or sheet, aluminum foil or a composite thereof).

The blister pack is mainly used for pharmaceutical packaging. In addition to the packaging of pharmaceutical products such as pharmaceutical tablets, capsules and suppositories, blister packaging is also widely used in the sales and packaging of food, cosmetics, stationery, toys, gifts, tools and electromechanical parts.

Blister packs have the following characteristics:

1) Good protection. Because the blister package has good sealing performance, it can be waterproof, moisture-proof, dust-proof, rust-proof and prolong the protection period. At the same time, it creates conditions for gas phase anti-rust packaging, and it is better with anti-rust effect with gas phase anti-rust agent.

2) Transparent and intuitive. Transparent blister is easy to see the shape and size of the equipment; the substrate can print basic information such as equipment code, name, specification part number and barcode, which is convenient for identification and number counting of equipment in the package to avoid sending and receiving errors.

3) Easy to use. The blister pack is easy to open and easy to use, and the single piece of equipment does not affect the sealing and protection of other equipment.

4) Light weight. The blister packaging is of low quality and meets the requirements of actual combat. In addition, the blister has a certain elasticity, so it has a certain cushioning performance, and no buffer material is added when packing, which saves storage space and reduces the cost of packaging [1].

1 blister packaging structure and material 1.1 blister packaging structure blister packaging structure is many, there are blister directly and the substrate heat-sealed, there is a substrate inserted into the special groove, and some of the substrate has a dumpling chain can be closed, There is all plastic without substrate [2].

Typically the substrate is the basis for the construction of the blister package, which has a large impact on the appearance and quality of the blister package. A cross-sectional view of the blister coupled to the substrate is shown in FIG. In Fig. 1, 1 represents a plastic sheet of a blister, 2 represents a heat seal coating, 3 represents a printing ink layer, 4 represents a printing coating, 5 represents a substrate surface chemical treatment layer, and 6 represents a substrate inner layer.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a substrate package. Figure 1.2 Blister packaging material 1) Plastic sheet.

Plastic sheets used in blister packaging should have sufficient barrier properties against oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor, high transparency and mechanical strength that is not easily cracked. The rigid plastic sheets for blister packaging include cellulose, polystyrene, vinyl, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, and the like.

Cellulose applications are common, including cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose propionate, etc., which have excellent transparency and thermoformability, good heat sealability and oil resistance, but cellulose. The heat sealing temperature is generally higher than other plastic sheets; the oriented stretched polystyrene has excellent transparency, good heat sealability, and poor impact resistance. Easy to break, even worse at low temperatures; vinyl resin is generally cheaper than polystyrene, hard and soft, with good transparency, it has good heat sealability with coated cardboard, join The plasticizer improves the cold resistance and impact strength.

At present, the application amount of pharmaceutical blister packaging materials is large polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic sheets. Because the drug is sensitive to wet moisture and light transmission, it requires good water vapor, light and anti-odor barrier properties for plastic sheets, but the current use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is not ideal in terms of moisture resistance. Therefore, the use of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or its composite materials [3] should be promoted for some time to come.

2) Substrate.

The substrate is usually white cardboard. The white paperboard is made of bleached sulphate wood pulp or covered with recycled paper as a base paper. The size, shape and quality of the contents should be considered when selecting. The thickness of the white cardboard substrate ranges from 0.35 to 0.75 mm, and the thickness of the commonly used cardboard is 0.45 to 0.60 mm.

The surface of the substrate should be white and shiny, and the printability is good. The heat seal coating can be firmly applied to ensure that the heat seal coating is melted, and the substrate and the blister can be tightly combined to prevent the contents from falling. Out.

The substrate material can also be selected from type B or E coated corrugated paper, coated aluminum foil and various composite materials.

3) Coating material.

The heat seal coating should be compatible with the substrate and the blister, and the heat seal temperature should be relatively low so that it can be heat sealed quickly without damaging the blister film. Commonly used heat seal coating materials are resistant vinyl resins and water resistant acrylic resins, all of which have good gloss, transparency and heat sealing ability.

2 blister packaging process blister packaging blister cavity is large and small, the shape varies depending on the shape of the packaged article; useful substrate, there is no use of the substrate. Moreover, there are many types of blister packaging machines. Nevertheless, the basic principles of blister packaging are roughly the same, and the typical process is:

Sheet heating film forming filling products are placed on the substrate for heat sealing and trimming [4].

The blister packaging process can be completed in three ways: manual operation, semi-automatic operation and automatic operation.

2.1 Hand-operated plastic sheet blister is pre-formed, the substrate is pre-printed and cut; the product is manually placed into the blister, the substrate is covered, and then the blister is sealed with the substrate by a heat sealer. . Some products do not require high temperature and humidity in the circulation environment, and may not be heat sealed, but are ordered with a stapler.

2.2 Semi-automatic operation The reel or single sheet of plastic sheet is fed into the semi-automatic blister packaging machine. The machine operation is continuous or intermittent; the number of forming dies depends on the size and production volume of the product. After the sheet is formed and cooled, the product is manually placed in the blister; the printed substrate in the form of a roll or a single sheet is covered on the blister, and then heat-sealed and trimmed to obtain a complete package. Pieces.

2.3 Automated operation In the automation operation, in addition to the above packaging process, the printing, loading instructions, cartoning and other processes can be connected to the production line. The production process is shown in Figure 2.

In Fig. 2, a indicates that the roll plastic sheet is conveyed forward; b indicates that the sheet is heated and softened, pressed in a mold with compressed air or vacuumed to form a blister; c indicates that the product is filled with an automatic loading mechanism; and d indicates a detection bubble. Whether the mask molding quality and filling are qualified, in the fast automatic production line, the photoelectric detector is often used. When the unqualified product is found, the waste signal is sent to the memory device, and the waste product is automatically rejected after the trimming process is completed; e indicates the reel lining The bottom material is covered on the filled blister; f indicates that the blister is sealed with the substrate by a plate or roll heat sealer; g indicates that the number and date are printed on the back side of the substrate; h indicates that the edge is formed after trimming Package. If it is equipped with: rejecting the waste device, after the trimming process, the waste product is removed according to the signal stored by the memory device.

This automatic packaging line is suitable for mass production in a single variety. It has the advantages of high productivity, low cost and hygienic requirements.

Figure 2 automatic blister packaging production line production process block diagram 3 blister packaging machine blister packaging machine (blisterpackagingmachine) to form a transparent plastic film or sheet blister, heat sealing, bonding, etc. to seal the product in the blister and bottom plate Between the machines.

3.1 Types of Blister Packaging Machines Blister packaging machines are divided into general structure and working principle, and can be generally divided into roller blister packaging machines, roller blister packaging machines, and flat blister packaging machines.

1) Roll blister packaging machine.

The working principle of the roller blister packaging machine: the forming film is heated and softened by the heating device, and the blister is sucked by the vacuum negative pressure on the roller forming molding roller, and the filling device fills the packaged object into the blister, and then passes through the roller type. The heat sealing device seals the single-sided adhesive-coated cover film on the surface of the blister material at a suitable temperature and pressure, and seals the packaged window in the blister. After typing, the printing device prints the batch number and presses the broken line, and the die cutting device is punched into a certain size packaging plate.

2) Flat blister packaging machine.

The working principle of the flat blister packaging machine: the formed film is heated and softened by the flat heating device, and the softened film is blown into a blister by using compressed air in the flat forming device, and the filling device fills the package into the blister. Then, it is sent to the flat sealing device, and the cover film is sealed with the formed film under suitable temperature and pressure, and then the batch number is printed and the broken line is pressed by the type printing device, and the punching device is punched into the specified size. Packaging plate.

3) Roller type blister packaging machine.

The roller plate type blister packaging machine is derived from a roller type and flat type blister packaging machine, that is, a flat type molding device is used for blow molding (positive pressure forming), and a roller type sealing device is sealed, and its working principle and The above two types are basically the same [5].

At present, among the three types of models, the roller plate type high-speed blister packaging machine is zui energy-saving, and the packaging material saving rate is high.

The blister packaging machine is divided into three types according to the degree of automation: semi-automatic packaging machine, automatic packaging machine and fully automatic production line.

1) Semi-automatic packaging machine.

Mostly for horizontal intermittent operation, mainly for manual filling, low productivity, for packaging single-piece, granular products. This kind of equipment is quick to change the mold when changing the variety, and is suitable for multi-variety and small batch production.

2) Automatic packaging machine.

It is mainly horizontal, with two types of intermittent and continuous operation, and has certain productivity and versatility. It is suitable for multi-variety small batch production as well as medium batch production of single varieties.

3) Automatic packaging production line.

There are two types, horizontal and vertical, mainly used for pharmaceutical (pill, capsule, etc.) packaging, also known as PPT (PressThroughPack) automatic production line. This type of equipment generally adopts a multi-column structure with high productivity and good packaging quality. The fully automatic packaging process guarantees the safety of pharmaceutical packaging to a large extent.

Of course, no matter which type of machine is selected, it must be combined with its own actual situation to select a packaging machine that meets the production requirements and enables the packaged products to have strong competitiveness in the market.

3.2 Blister Packaging Equipment Process There are many types of blister packaging equipment, but the process is shown in Figure 3.

First, the roll plastic sheet 1 is conveyed to the heater 2 to be heated and softened; the softened sheet is conveyed to the former 3, and then the compressed air is filled into the mold from top to bottom, so that the sheet is pressed against the female mold wall to form Blister or cavity, etc. (if the blister is not deep, the film is not thick, vacuum can also be used to draw air from the bottom of the former to form a plastic); the formed blister is fed by the push rod 4, The packaged article is filled by the quantitative filler 5, and after inspection, the printed substrate material 6 is covered, the substrate is sealed with the blister by the heat sealer 7, and is cut into individual packages by the cutter 8. 10. Output from the conveyor belt 9.

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the blister packaging process 4 Conclusion The blister packaging is a controllable dosage thermoforming packaging method, which is easy to use by removing the packaged articles by simple extrusion [6]. At the same time, the market also needs a packaging form that can directly see the interior products. It is expected that the blister packaging will be one of the flexible packaging forms that will be widely used and developed rapidly in the future.

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