The Main Points of Applying Cotton in Late Summer and Early Autumn
Recently, many regions in the south have been subjected to the double test of high temperatures and heavy rain. At this point, cotton enters the period of bell-mouthing and there is a high demand for fertilizer, temperature, and moisture. So, what are the problems that cotton grows easily during this period? How to conduct scientific soil fertilizer management? Today, this edition invites experts to combine his field surveys in more than a dozen counties and cities in the southern cotton producing region to provide technical guidance for cotton farmers.
1 Be alert to cotton stem blight
Red-leaf stem blight is a kind of physiological disease, which mostly occurs in the early flowering period to the bell-ring period. It starts from the main stem growth point or the top of the fruit branch and generally develops from the top down and from the outside to the inside. Leaf tip and leaf margin are chlorotic and veins are still green. Veins are pale yellow and gradually turn red. Leaves roll over and then die. Petiole dehydration, leaves gradually fall off; Main stems wither and die, but anatomic catheters are colorless The roots are thick and short, and the fibrous roots are few.
Caused by the outbreak of red leaf stem blight, one is the extensive farming of cotton fields, cotton root development is poor; Second, poor drainage of cotton fields; Third, partial nitrogen fertilizer caused by excessive growth, cotton shade; Fourth, the application of organic fertilizer is small, not caused by potassium fertilizer Poor soil in cotton fields. In addition, since mid-July, continued high-temperature weather has covered many high-yielding cotton areas. After a sustained high temperature and a sudden rainstorm, cotton may cause outbreaks of red leaf stem blight in local or contiguous areas, resulting in serious reduction of production.
For the control of cotton stem blight, it is recommended to start from three aspects.
To improve the environment, "control and promote the promotion of" over growing cotton, the application of plant growth retardants dilute amine or booster control prosperous, with 3 to 4 grams per acre or 12 to 16 milliliters of assisting factor, 50 kg of watered spray 1 or 2 times; on the soil compacted cotton field, timely cultivator breaks the plate ventilation, enhances the permeability; on the low-lying cotton fields, pay attention to the squaring of the ditch to promote the cotton root down bar; The "cotton" cultured in the film should be immediately peeled off and the cotton root should be developed in depth.
Potassium Fertilizer Increases Fertilizer Efficiency Potassium deficiency is one of the major factors inducing stem blight of cotton leaves. For cotton fields with potential lack of potassium or less potassium, 10-15 kg of potassium fertilizer should be added per acre. This can meet the cotton demand for potassium, improve the physiological activity, and second, adjust the fertilizer structure of the cotton field, improve the utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Due to the emergence of seedlings and roots, the disease incidence and incidence were different in different regions and farmers. In addition to completely irretrievable cotton plants, as long as the cotton leaves are not withered and the main stem growth point is still active, fertility can be rapidly restored by fertilization. One can use humic acid active liquid fertilizer Hui Manfeng or Zhuang Fuxing, 100 ml per acre watered 50 kg spray 2 times, each time interval 7 days; 2 can spray 0.2% ~ 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% sulfuric acid Potassium solution 1 to 2 times; 3 can be sprayed with plant growth accelerant 0.01% Paulownia (alizarin lactone) solution or 2000 times of "802" to root, not only can improve the status of soil oxygen, but also can quickly add nutrient.
2 Scientific potassium application to promote cotton growth
After field investigation, the author found that from late July to early August, cotton was rapidly transformed, and more than 20 plants were planted in cotton fields. Some plants with more than one management measures in place can have more than 30 plants and grow well. . On the other hand, the proportion of red stems in the main stem of cotton is very high. Some flowers have been opened to the top of the cotton plant. The growth points show convex shapes. There are not many young buds on the fruit branches, and the rate of buddles falling out is high. Typical defertilization occurs. symptom.
According to the survey, a considerable part of cotton farmers still lacks an accurate understanding of the use of potash fertilizers, and there is widespread shortage of potash fertilizers in cotton fields. Some cotton farmers do not know what the role of potash; Some believe that as long as the application of compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer contains potassium, it can meet the growth needs of cotton; there is a high price of potash, which will increase the cost of planting.
Potassium Fertilizer Application Potassium fertilizer can balance the proportion of N, P and K in the soil, increase the life activity of cotton, increase the number of peaches per plant, significantly increase the weight of single bolls, accelerate the boll opening, improve the fiber quality, and increase the yield of 25 kg of seed cotton per acre. about. At the same time, it can also increase the resilience to fusarium wilt.
The amount of potash fertilizer The high-yield cotton field generally applies 30 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate fertilizer per acre, and divides the base fertilizer and top dressing twice. It should be noted that high potassium fertilizers must be applied to meet the requirements of cotton for insect resistance and yield increase. If potassium oxide is used at a content of 60%, the content of pure potassium in 30 kg of potassium fertilizer is 18 kg; and for the same dose, 45% of NPK fertilizer is applied, the content of pure potassium is only 7.5 kg, and the organic fertilizer is pure. The content of potassium is lower. At present, the price of potash fertilizer on the market has fallen more sharply than in previous years, and the input-output ratio of potash fertilizer application is cost-effective.
Potassium Fertilizer Application One-time application of too much potassium will have an antagonistic effect on other elements and affect the absorption of other fertilizers by cotton. If potassium fertilizer is not applied in the base fertilizer, it should be applied in time at the budding stage and flowering stage of cotton. Potassium application outside the root is generally performed after a large amount of cotton bolls. Although potassium fertilizers can be used to supplement small amounts of potassium, the application of potash fertilizers should be based on ditching or deep-seated treatment, which may cause loss and volatilization.
3 Pu Shi Tao Fei related to high yield and high quality
The amount of peach on cotton is positively correlated with the yield. In other words, the grasp of peach fertilizer is related to the high yield of cotton. Applying peach fertilizer can increase the boll weight, increase the percentage of clothes, and improve the fiber quality.
Why can peach fertilizer promote high yield and quality of cotton? First, the period of bell-ringing is the second peak of carbon content in cotton plants. The increase of soluble sugar, the decrease of nitrogen content, the largest proportion of carbon and nitrogen, and the largest amount of nutrients are needed. Therefore, the cotton cannot be hungry on cotton. Second, after the cotton begins to boll, the nutrient transport direction in the body is no longer transported to the main stalk. Instead, it is input to the cotton boll. The cotton plant body has a bearing capacity, and the application of the peach fertilizer does not cause madness. The third is the application of the peach fertilizer. After the 11th layer of cotton plants, the fruiting rate of the regenerated fruit twigs above the fruiting branches often exceeds 50%, which is more than 10% higher than that of the cotton plants without applying the peach fertilizer or applying the peach fertilizer. Fourth, the efficiency of putting fertilizer before sitting on the peach is required. After sitting on peaches, the fertilizer is low. For example, if you invest 1 yuan of fertilizer before sitting in peach, you can increase the income by 2 to 3 yuan, and you can increase the income of fertilizer by 4 to 5 yuan after you invest 1 yuan in peach.
This year, because many fertilizers have been consumed in the early stage of cotton production, especially in some disaster-stricken areas, fertilizers must be added in a timely manner and the technical points of application must be strictly observed. From the perspective of fertility, the effective budding period of cotton is generally August 15, and the effective flowering and ringing period is around September 10. There is currently much room for compensation and it is entirely possible to grasp the application of peach fertilizer. From the point of view of application technology, four aspects can be adjusted. The first is to make up the Peach Fertilizer Peach fertilizer; the second is to change the application of less than enough, generally 15 to 20 kg of urea per mus, potassium fertilizer shortage of potassium fertilizer field 8 to 10 kg; third is to change the appendage For acupuncture and planting, it is necessary to cultivate roots and protect the roots. Fourthly, when drought occurs, it is necessary to divert irrigation water, grab fertilize and fertilize, and adhere to the water to adjust soil moisture, adjust fertilizer with water, and adjust water with water to create good cotton yields. Ecological conditions. Only the application of peach fertilizer and application of peach fertilizer can make the cotton “tender in August†and “Laojian in September†and “harvest in Octoberâ€.
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