What are the breakthroughs in 3D printing in skin grafting, orthopedic implants, and pharmaceuticals?
Release date: 2017-12-15
The shortage of transplantable organs is still a big problem on a global scale. Even in developed countries with high medical standards and strong awareness of organ donation, there is a big gap in the supply and demand of organ transplants. Many patients are dying while waiting. .
The emergence of 3D bio-printing has undoubtedly brought greater hope to those patients who could only die in the endless waiting for medium. The rapid customization and reconstruction of organs is no longer the imagination of science fiction movies. As early as 2013, the report of the US Popular Science website pointed out that human organs can be manufactured through 3D printing: ears, kidneys, blood vessels, skin and bones.
In addition to its application in tissue and organ transplantation, 3D printing technology has also developed rapidly in recent years in the field of drug controlled release. This article will briefly take a look at the breakthroughs and application cases of 3D printing technology in various fields of medicine in the past two years.
orthopedics
An article published in Biomaterials in November 2017 showed that Lai Wei, Wang Xinyu and others from the Qinling professor team of the Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering of the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a low-temperature 3D printing technology. The porous scaffold material for repairing bone defects or fractures, the natural plant active small molecule icariin having osteogenic activity is evenly integrated into the porous scaffold, and the optimal bone-forming biomimetic structure (aperture 300) is given to the scaffold by 3D printing. -500 microns), a bone repair treatment for refractory bone defects.
On November 24, 2017, the world's first individualized 3D printed enamel metal pad to repair huge bone defects and knee revision surgery was performed at the Department of Joint Surgery, Southwest Military Hospital, Army Military Medical University. The patient was operated by an 84-year-old man with severe left arthritis defects due to long-term severe arthritis. The expert used the 3D reconstruction system to establish the patient's skeletal model and reconstructed the skeletal model according to the 3D print of the bone defect state. A 3D printed metal enamel pad that repairs severe joint defects in the joint.
In 2017, the FDA also approved several orthopedic implant products, the first ankle joint 3D printed implant product iFuse-3D produced by the US medical device company SI-BONE, and the OSSEUS company for the treatment of degenerative The cervical fusion cage Gemini-C for disc disease, the 3D printed titanium vertebral implant HAWKEYE Ti manufactured by American spine device manufacturer ChoiceSpine LP, and the NEXXT MATRIXX 3D printed spinal implant manufactured by Nexxt Spine.
skin
On November 16, 2017, Xia Hesheng, deputy director of the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of Sichuan University, introduced their latest research and development achievements in silicone rubber 3D printing at the China-Italy Innovation Cooperation Week Chengdu Airport. Through molecular design, the team synthesized a thermoplastically processable self-repairing silicone rubber (PDMS) elastomer material for ultra-fine powdering. On this basis, Sichuan University and the Italian National Research Council Polymer, Composites and Biomaterials Research Institute have achieved the world's first selective laser sintering 3D printing of silicone rubber. The area of ​​skin burn damage is measured on a scanner, and an "artificial skin" is tailored to the 3D printed silicone rubber material, which looks like real skin and promotes skin tissue regeneration.
On December 2, 2017, published in the paper "Science Advances", scientists now use bacteria to create a medical material called cellulose that can grow on a flat surface. Since this ink containing live bacteria can be printed by 3D printing, it can be printed according to actual needs. Since this is a natural material, the human body does not cause rejection, so in the future, skin transplantation, biosensors, transplantation And will be of great use in protecting organs.
In January 2017, JALA, a Chinese cosmetics company, successfully used 3D bioprinting to produce Asian skin, becoming a company that uses Asian 3D bioprinting technology to print Asian skin. With 3D bioprinting technology, the Galan Group can create a complete structure and function of skin tissue in just 21 days, including a true-epidermal junction, a dermis and a skin with a multi-layer structure.
Cardiovascular
In December 2016, Blu-ray Inno's blood vessels made using 3D printing technology made breakthroughs in rhesus monkeys. This achievement is of great significance for the future clinical application of stem cell technology and 3D bio-printing technology. As early as October 2015, Blu-ray Inno has released the world's first 3D bio-vascular printer. The “National 863 Program†3D bio-printing vascular project, which participated in the project, also achieved major technological breakthroughs in just one and a half years. As of June 30, 2017, Blu-ray Inno has submitted 89 patent applications (20 have been authorized), and obtained 7 software copyright registration certificates and 103 trademark certificates.
In July 2017, Swiss researchers used 3D printing technology to create the world's first flexible heart that is highly similar in shape, size and function to a human heart. This artificial heart is made of soft silicone material, made by 3D printing and lost wax casting technology. It is a complex internal silica gel with a right ventricle and a left ventricle. There is an extra chamber to separate the two ventricles. . This chamber functions like a muscle and can drive blood into and out of the heart like a pump. But now this artificial heart is still in the testing stage, which can provide new directions and new ideas for related research, which can not be used for transplantation.
drug
As early as 2015, the FDA approved the first 3D printing drug, SPRITAM (levetiracetam, levetiracetam), for the treatment of epileptic seizures and myoblasts in adults or children with other antiepileptic drugs. A seizure and a primary generalized seizure. The application of 3D printing technology can break through the limitation of the dosage of traditional tablets, and make the dosage of different active ingredients more precise.
In November 2017, Hangzhou Economic Development Zone held the “13th Five-Year†National Key R&D Program and the “Special Project for the Development of Functional Materials and High-throughput Integrated Bio-3D Printing Technology for Living Devicesâ€. Fei released China's first high-throughput integrated bio-3D printer "Bio-architectR X", which uses the "discrete manufacturing micro-tomography (MCT)" technology as a key technological innovation, not only promoted 3D printing medical The clinical transformation process of instruments and artificial tissues and organs also provides a new solution for the screening of new drugs, which will promote the creation and development of new drugs in China.
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