Peanut middling management skills

Mid-term drought management for peanuts involves crucial water requirements during their peak fruit formation and soil penetration phases, typically occurring from late July to early August. This stage demands immediate irrigation if drought strikes, using furrows to avoid flooding while ensuring consistent moisture retention. Given the high temperatures and humidity in summer, dense planting can lead to shading issues. When plants reach about 40 cm in height and grow by approximately 1.5 cm daily, applying a growth inhibitor such as 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder (40-50 grams per 667 square meters) mixed with 50-60 liters of water, or using a comparable long-term solution at 35-40 kg per 667 square meters, can help manage excessive growth through foliar application. Late-stage fertilization is essential to maintain healthy foliage and prevent premature aging. During the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, spraying a mixture of 2% urea and 3% superphosphate or a 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, or even using plant ash leachate, can support nutrient uptake and prolong leaf functionality. Drought prevention and proper drainage are key during the latter stages of summer peanuts. Irrigation should be carried out carefully without causing waterlogging, especially given the risk of pest infestations like locusts, which can harm developing fruits. Prompt drainage helps mitigate issues related to rot and bud damage. Pest and disease management is vital in the middle to late growth phases. Common pests include cotton bollworms, aphids, and underground insects affecting leaves, roots, and young fruits. Initial outbreaks of Helicoverpa armigera can be managed with methomyl at 1 g/l or phoxim at 50% concentration diluted 1000 times. Aphid infestations may require 40% omethoate applied at 30-60 ml per 667 square meters. For subterranean pests, carbofuran granules at 2.5 kg per 667 square meters can be effective. Diseases like leaf spots, net blotches, and yellowing foliage can be addressed using compound carbendazim solutions diluted 200-300 times or carbendazim wettable powder at 1000-1500 times concentration, along with 75% chlorothalonil Clear WP diluted 600-700 times. Spraying should commence around early August, repeating every 10 days for two to three applications. Harvest timing is critical as summer peanuts have a shorter growth cycle and poor pod filling. Premature harvesting reduces both yield and quality. The earliest harvest date should not be before early October to ensure a growth period of at least 110 days, optimizing both quantity and quality.

Pigments And Dyes

Pigments and dyes

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