Chrysanthemum Shouke Jin Ying Huang Hua
Alias: Shou Ke, Jin Ying, Huang Hua
Scientific Name: Dendranthemamorifolium
Family & Genus: Asteraceae
Species Type: Perennial Herbal Flower
Ecological Habits:
There are over 30 species of chrysanthemums, with 17 native to China. These flowers are known for their strong adaptability and cold tolerance. They thrive best in temperatures ranging from 18°C to 21°C, but can survive up to 32°C and as low as 10°C. Their underground rhizomes can withstand temperatures as low as -10°C. For optimal flowering, the minimum night temperature should be around 17°C, and it can drop to 13–15°C during the middle and late blooming periods.
Chrysanthemums are drought-tolerant and prefer well-drained, loose loamy soil rich in organic matter. They grow best in slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soils with a pH between 6.2 and 6.7. They also prefer slightly elevated terrain to prevent waterlogging.
As a short-day plant, chrysanthemums require more than 12 hours of darkness per day for bud development, ideally at a temperature of 10°C. However, some varieties, like Xiaju, can flower even under long daylight conditions in summer.
Chrysanthemums hold a special place in Chinese culture. Known for their elegance rather than showy beauty, they bloom after other flowers have faded, symbolizing resilience and grace. Their delicate charm and ability to thrive in harsh conditions have made them a beloved symbol of nobility and strength.
In traditional Chinese art and poetry, chrysanthemums are often used to represent noble character, perseverance, and an unyielding spirit. Since the Song Dynasty, annual chrysanthemum festivals have been held, celebrating these flowers as symbols of longevity and good fortune. In folklore, chrysanthemums are associated with happiness, family joy, and prosperity, especially when paired with symbols like magpies or pines.
Beyond their ornamental value, chrysanthemums have numerous culinary and medicinal uses. They are widely used in traditional Chinese cuisine and remedies, offering both health benefits and delicious flavors.
Chrysanthemum Wine: Made by fermenting chrysanthemums with glutinous rice and yeast, this "Longevity Wine" has a sweet and cool taste. It is believed to nourish the liver, improve eyesight, strengthen the mind, and promote longevity.
Chrysanthemum Porridge: A refreshing dish made by combining chrysanthemums with glutinous rice. It helps clear the heart, relieve stress, and refresh the senses.
Chrysanthemum Tea: This fragrant tea is ideal for cooling down during hot weather. It helps relieve heat, soothe the throat, ease headaches, and even alleviate hangovers.
Chrysanthemum Cake: Made by steaming chrysanthemums into rice cakes or using mung bean flour, these cakes help reduce internal heat and offer a light, healthy treat.
Chrysanthemum Cuisine: Chrysanthemums are used in various dishes, such as stir-fried pork or fish, creating a flavorful and non-greasy meal. It is particularly beneficial for treating symptoms like dizziness and wind-heat disturbances.
Chrysanthemum Soup: When cooked with white fungus or lotus seeds and a bit of rock sugar, it helps detoxify the body, supports internal organs, and relieves dizziness.
Chrysanthemum Cream: A paste made from fresh chrysanthemums and honey, it helps dispel wind, clear heat, and improve vision.
Chrysanthemum Pillow: Filled with dried petals, these pillows can help reduce high blood pressure, dizziness, insomnia, and eye strain.
Chrysanthemum Knee Pads: Made by mixing chrysanthemums with Chen’s leaves in a gauze bag, they help relieve joint pain, reduce swelling, and treat arthritis caused by wind and dampness.
Chrysanthemum Incense: Used for its aromatic properties, it helps dispel wind, calm the liver, and assist in treating colds and headaches through inhalation.
Whether enjoyed as food, medicine, or simply admired for their beauty, chrysanthemums continue to play an important role in Chinese culture and daily life. Their enduring charm and multiple benefits make them a cherished flower across generations.
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