Mango tree cultivation management technology
2020-04-27 14:07:57
I. Orchard Construction and Planting
1. The gardens will be open and the gullies open smoothly according to the topography of the orchards, so as to prevent the accumulation of water and soil erosion due to rain. To clear the drainage channels, the entire garden sulcus and Huanyuan Ditch must be open. The rain will be discharged from the row, and there will be no waterlogging after the rain to achieve the purpose of artificial water control. At the same time, the sidewalks and tractor farms in the park shall also be free to facilitate management.
2. The planting density has been practiced for many years. It is considered that under the existing varieties and cultivation techniques, about 40 plants per mu should be suitable, and the adopted specifications are generally 35 (m) or 3.55 (m), which is due to the close planting cultivation. Must be combined with annual pruning and thinning or transplantation and other measures to achieve air ventilation, easy management.
Second, fertilizer and water management
1. Fertility management of young trees Fertilizer management of young trees is to promote the growth of new shoots and rapidly expand the canopy. Based on the application of base fertilizers, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used, and suitable amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to the site. Thin as a principle. After planting, from the time when the plants began to grow, apply fertilizer once a month, applying 100 g of urea per plant or 150 g of compound fertilizer, and apply them in the form of a ditch. With the growth of tree vigor, the amount of fertilizer is also increased. When the weather is dry, fertilizer is applied. Fertilization is applied 7 to 8 times a year. From November to next January, fertilization should be stopped so as to avoid triggering new shoots and affecting wintering.
2. Result tree management: re-application of fruit after the fat, cultivate a robust result The mother shoot autumn shoot is the ideal result of the mango tree age results mother tree, generally requires the harvest after the second autumn shoot, the second autumn shoot for the mother branch. In addition, the first shot was required to be taken out in the middle and late August. After the new shoots were grown, three buds were selected as the extension branches of the resulting branches, and the rest were removed to reduce nutrient consumption; the second shot was made in the middle or late October to 11 Extracted early in the month and become the mother branch. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, in order to quickly restore the tree vigor and promote a large number of robust autumn shoots as the result of the mother tree, it is necessary to re-apply the fruit after the fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer to be determined according to the size of the tree, the amount of this application to the whole year 50 to 60% of the amount of fertilizer will lay the foundation for the next year's flowering results.
Mango trees are prone to prolonged growth in winter, consume nutrients, weaken tree vigor, and threaten the output and quality in the coming year. In response to this problem, when the last autumn shoots of mangoes turn old and green, use the promotion of Kaowang No. 2 to prevent winter stalks from being pumped; the second year from May to June, use one more time for the summer shoots to grow crazy and concentrate the supply of nutrients. , To transform vegetative growth into reproductive growth, promote flower, strong fruit, and prevent fruit drop.
Third, tree trimming and pruning is one of the key measures to ensure fast growth, early results, high yield, stable production and high quality of mango.
1. The saplings are pruned and replanted to 80-100 cm in height to start shaping. Natural rounded crowns are used to cut and dry the seedlings at heights of 80-100 cm to pick up the stems or short cuts to promote trunk branching. In the pruning of saplings, it is mainly to cultivate the branches, to increase the number of branches, to control the branches, and to trim branches that are not suitable. In the next 2-3 years after planting, 50-60 round-headed tree crowns that grow robustly but not overly long, and are suitable for the last stage shoots to form dwarf and well-illuminated round-headed canopies are used to lay a foundation for early results.
2. The trimming of the result tree is now pruned with short cuts and sparse deletions.
A, pruning before flower bud differentiation differentiation dense branches, weak branches, branches, crosses, overlapping and leggy branches, increase the crown light transmittance, and promote flower bud differentiation. For overgrowth and unproductive crops, the plant can inhibit plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation through ring peeling of the main branch, ring cutting (applying Huanwang No. 2 after ring cutting), and tie wire and cutting roots.
B. After the second physiological fruit drop (approx. 3-4 months), cut off the pedicels and shoots that affect the fruit development, remove the deformed fruit, disease and fruit, and the fruit that is too small; fail to reach the fruitless or flowering branches. It can be used as appropriate to shorten the length of the shoots, promote the shoots, cultivate the mother tree for the next year, and increase the transparency of the canopy.
C, pruning after fruit picking This is a key pruning period. Shortly after fruit picking, the fruit branches to the base of the shoot 2-3 knots. If there is a cross between the branches, it can be as short as before crossing. Weeding of branches and branches of insects in the canopy, excessive densities, crosses, overlapping branches and weak branches. Branches and legumes that fail due to many years of results should generally be cut off. However, if the position is appropriate, or the canopy is weak, it can also be removed. Short update, rejuvenate canopy.
Whether plastic or pruning, it must be closely combined with fertilization and pest control to achieve the desired results. The wounds caused by trimming can be coated with anti-corrosion film to protect against infestation and promote the growth of callus.
Mango tree after the completion of the fertilization pruning work in autumn, with the disinfection and sterilization of the entire park spraying general tree maintenance, thermal insulation, antifreeze disinfection, early spring spraying trunk and branch insulation, restore the tree life command system early recovery.
1. The gardens will be open and the gullies open smoothly according to the topography of the orchards, so as to prevent the accumulation of water and soil erosion due to rain. To clear the drainage channels, the entire garden sulcus and Huanyuan Ditch must be open. The rain will be discharged from the row, and there will be no waterlogging after the rain to achieve the purpose of artificial water control. At the same time, the sidewalks and tractor farms in the park shall also be free to facilitate management.
2. The planting density has been practiced for many years. It is considered that under the existing varieties and cultivation techniques, about 40 plants per mu should be suitable, and the adopted specifications are generally 35 (m) or 3.55 (m), which is due to the close planting cultivation. Must be combined with annual pruning and thinning or transplantation and other measures to achieve air ventilation, easy management.
Second, fertilizer and water management
1. Fertility management of young trees Fertilizer management of young trees is to promote the growth of new shoots and rapidly expand the canopy. Based on the application of base fertilizers, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers are mainly used, and suitable amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to the site. Thin as a principle. After planting, from the time when the plants began to grow, apply fertilizer once a month, applying 100 g of urea per plant or 150 g of compound fertilizer, and apply them in the form of a ditch. With the growth of tree vigor, the amount of fertilizer is also increased. When the weather is dry, fertilizer is applied. Fertilization is applied 7 to 8 times a year. From November to next January, fertilization should be stopped so as to avoid triggering new shoots and affecting wintering.
2. Result tree management: re-application of fruit after the fat, cultivate a robust result The mother shoot autumn shoot is the ideal result of the mango tree age results mother tree, generally requires the harvest after the second autumn shoot, the second autumn shoot for the mother branch. In addition, the first shot was required to be taken out in the middle and late August. After the new shoots were grown, three buds were selected as the extension branches of the resulting branches, and the rest were removed to reduce nutrient consumption; the second shot was made in the middle or late October to 11 Extracted early in the month and become the mother branch. Therefore, after the fruit is harvested, in order to quickly restore the tree vigor and promote a large number of robust autumn shoots as the result of the mother tree, it is necessary to re-apply the fruit after the fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer to be determined according to the size of the tree, the amount of this application to the whole year 50 to 60% of the amount of fertilizer will lay the foundation for the next year's flowering results.
Mango trees are prone to prolonged growth in winter, consume nutrients, weaken tree vigor, and threaten the output and quality in the coming year. In response to this problem, when the last autumn shoots of mangoes turn old and green, use the promotion of Kaowang No. 2 to prevent winter stalks from being pumped; the second year from May to June, use one more time for the summer shoots to grow crazy and concentrate the supply of nutrients. , To transform vegetative growth into reproductive growth, promote flower, strong fruit, and prevent fruit drop.
Third, tree trimming and pruning is one of the key measures to ensure fast growth, early results, high yield, stable production and high quality of mango.
1. The saplings are pruned and replanted to 80-100 cm in height to start shaping. Natural rounded crowns are used to cut and dry the seedlings at heights of 80-100 cm to pick up the stems or short cuts to promote trunk branching. In the pruning of saplings, it is mainly to cultivate the branches, to increase the number of branches, to control the branches, and to trim branches that are not suitable. In the next 2-3 years after planting, 50-60 round-headed tree crowns that grow robustly but not overly long, and are suitable for the last stage shoots to form dwarf and well-illuminated round-headed canopies are used to lay a foundation for early results.
2. The trimming of the result tree is now pruned with short cuts and sparse deletions.
A, pruning before flower bud differentiation differentiation dense branches, weak branches, branches, crosses, overlapping and leggy branches, increase the crown light transmittance, and promote flower bud differentiation. For overgrowth and unproductive crops, the plant can inhibit plant growth and promote flower bud differentiation through ring peeling of the main branch, ring cutting (applying Huanwang No. 2 after ring cutting), and tie wire and cutting roots.
B. After the second physiological fruit drop (approx. 3-4 months), cut off the pedicels and shoots that affect the fruit development, remove the deformed fruit, disease and fruit, and the fruit that is too small; fail to reach the fruitless or flowering branches. It can be used as appropriate to shorten the length of the shoots, promote the shoots, cultivate the mother tree for the next year, and increase the transparency of the canopy.
C, pruning after fruit picking This is a key pruning period. Shortly after fruit picking, the fruit branches to the base of the shoot 2-3 knots. If there is a cross between the branches, it can be as short as before crossing. Weeding of branches and branches of insects in the canopy, excessive densities, crosses, overlapping branches and weak branches. Branches and legumes that fail due to many years of results should generally be cut off. However, if the position is appropriate, or the canopy is weak, it can also be removed. Short update, rejuvenate canopy.
Whether plastic or pruning, it must be closely combined with fertilization and pest control to achieve the desired results. The wounds caused by trimming can be coated with anti-corrosion film to protect against infestation and promote the growth of callus.
Mango tree after the completion of the fertilization pruning work in autumn, with the disinfection and sterilization of the entire park spraying general tree maintenance, thermal insulation, antifreeze disinfection, early spring spraying trunk and branch insulation, restore the tree life command system early recovery.
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