Lily lotus bowl lotus lotus flower cress flower
Scientific name: Nymphaea tetragona
Alias: Ziwu lotus, cress flower
Family Genus: Nymphaeaceae
Distribution and scientific name Source:
Water lilies are generic names of Nymphaea plants in the water lily family. There are 40 to 50 species of water lily plants in the world, and five species in China. According to its ecological characteristics, water lilies can be divided into cold-resistant, cold-resistant two major categories, the former distributed in the subtropical and temperate regions, the latter distributed in tropical regions.
In ancient Egypt, the water lily, like the Chinese lotus, is considered a holy, beautiful incarnation and is often used as a sacrifice for the goddess. In the New Testament, there is also a saying that "the things that are holy come out of the mud."
Morphological characteristics:
Rhizomes are round, short, and cylindrical, with several circular holes of varying sizes distributed vertically in the body. Leaves clustered, floating on the water, round, oval, heart-shaped. Peanuts on the top of slender pedicels, flowering from July to August.
Origin:
Native to tropical Asia and Oceania.
Growth habits:
The optimum temperature during the growth period is 20-30°C. In the strong light growth and development, early flowering. Should be shallow, afraid of flooding and winds.
The color is clear, the flowers and leaves are fragrant, and there are many varieties, such as single-petal and double-petal. There are also thousand-petal lotus and heavy lotus. It is suitable for arranging balconies and patios in cylinders or pots in the home.
It is a positive plant. It is full of sunshine, lack of light, and the lotus leaf grows green. It can not be pregnant. It can generally be maintained in the courtyard of the full sun or on the outer edge of the south balcony. However, it should be noted that the bowl lotus is delicate and should be kept away from the scorching sun at noon in the summer and moved to a cool place. The indoor flower viewing and decoration time should not be too long. It should not exceed 3 days at a time.
Domestic and international developments:
Botanists in China are far less concerned about water lilies than lotuses. The foreign botanists are quite concerned about this. As early as 150 years ago, French botanists successfully cultivated dozens of cultivars, and some of them have been circulated to this day and have made great contributions to ornamental gardening.
In 1912, the Missouri Botanical Garden in the United States under the guidance of George Pring (GeorgPring) carried out water lily breeding work, to develop a large number of ideal varieties. The number and quality of water lilies cultivated by American botanists are still second to none. Every year, more than ten species of cultivars are registered, registered, and listed. In addition, a large number of water lilies monographs continue to emerge. Their work has gradually attracted the botanical community. The importance attached. Chinese botanists do not pay much attention to the research work of water lilies. They have only stayed at the stage of collecting varieties for many years. Breeding work in China is still a blank. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several tropical species were introduced in the Beijing Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and preserved since then. In 1983, the Nanjing Botanical Garden introduced 17 hardy species from the Washington Arboretum in the United States, but failed to cultivate new varieties; in the late 1990s, Wuhan Institute of Plants of the Chinese Academy of Sciences came from behind and collected more than 50 varieties. He had published the "Introduction and Cultivation of Water Lilies" and published in the "Collection of Plant Introduction and Domestication". In recent years, researchers from the Wuhan Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Botanical Garden have begun the breeding of water lilies. It is expected that after two or three years, there will be a new batch of varieties available, making China's water lilies go to the world like lotus flowers.
The miniature bowl lotus was cultivated as an aquatic ornamental flower in the Han Dynasty in China. It was cultivated in cylinders and pots in the Tang Dynasty, and then it was developed from a bowl culture to a miniature lotus bowl in a bowl, ie, a bowl with a smooth and non-porous bowl was used as a container to cultivate lotus flowers. Several stumps stand on the balcony, elegant and chic, with a strong sense of life.
I. Variety selection
The family raises bowl lotus, should choose the flower diameter is smaller than 10 centimeters, the plant height does not exceed the high 30 centimeters, the vertical leaf diameter about 20 centimeters, blossoms 5 above the variety.
The common traditional bowl lotus varieties include: "Table Lotus", "Xiamen Bowl Lotus", "Jinbian Bowl Lotus", "Bowl Children Red", "Heavy Water Bloom", "Welcome Hibiscus", etc. In recent years, new breeds have "Case Spring", "Snow White", "Baby Red", "Love in Summer", "Yue Qiu", "Youth", etc., are both beautiful and beautiful, and are most suitable for domestic use.
Second, the container specifications
Containers of different specifications have a great influence on the growth and development of lotus seedlings. According to research conducted by the relevant department of gardens, it is most appropriate to use a container with a diameter of 20-25 cm and a depth of 15-20 cm.
Third, the use of water lilies in gardens and living rooms
Water lilies were used very early in gardens. In the 16th century, Italy used it as a theme material for water gardens. Two thousand years ago, there were also water lilies in the Chinese Han and private gardens. Lotus lotus leaves are beautiful, rich in color, and have a long flowering period. They are deeply loved by people. The roots of water lilies can absorb lead, mercury, phenol and other toxic substances in the water. It is a rare plant material for water purification, so it is purified in urban waters. In the greening and beautification construction, much attention has been paid to it.
The waterscapes of gardens in the north and south of China are often planted with various water lilies, potted plants, or pool plants for viewing. The pool is divided into natural pools and man-made pools. Due to irregular shape, large water surface and deep water level, natural ponds have no row irrigation system. The ponds must be modified according to the situation and planted with deep-water resistant varieties. In order to avoid confusion, several plots can be divided, one for each area. This large-scale planting can provide a magnificent landscape when it grows strong. Artificial pool, concrete structure, different shapes, can be designed according to requirements. The irrigation and drainage system is good and the water level can be controlled. Such ponds can be submerged in pots, and waterscape materials can be flexibly placed for easy design and adjustment. For example, taking the water lily as a theme, with Wang Lian, Gorgon, lotus, leeks, cattails, iris, and other materials, put them in different ways. Different water features will be formed. In addition to the pool planting, combined with the needs of the landscape, the selection of elegant pots placed in front of construction objects, sculptures, rockery, often can receive unexpected special effects. The miniature species in the water lilies can be used to decorate the living room. It is planted in small pots with elegant and elegant baskets and placed in the right position. Then this small life, the leaves of the blue oil, the delicate buds The looming fragrance is pleasing to the eye when bathed in room lights and with other decorations in the interior.
Fourth, garden management
The water lily is a long-day plant. The planting site should have sufficient light and ventilation. Water lilies also have certain requirements for the water level in different stages of growth. Potted plants are placed in the open air, shallow water in the early stage and full of water during the prosperous period. The pots were submerged and the initial water had not passed the edge of the basin; with the growth of the leaves, the water level was gradually increased. The surface of the water was about 20 to 30 cm from the basin; during the prosperous period, the surface of the water was 30 to 50 cm from the basin. The pond is planted with water lilies and enters the rainy season. When the water depth exceeds 1 meter, it should be drained in time. When the potted water lily grows in the early stage, the base fertilizer is sufficient, and it is not necessary to top-dress. In order to promote flower bud differentiation during the flowering period, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (water-absorbing paper, wrap fertilizer, a pack of 5 g, 2 packages per cylinder, and can be bundled) should be applied. Several small holes. Inserted under the basal wall into the rhizomes, once every half a month, applied 3 to 4 times.) As long as the pond has a fertile silt layer at the bottom of the pool, it is not necessary to top-dress. Pay attention to removing weeds, dead leaves and algae in the basin. Excessive algae can be sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% copper sulphate solution, half a month, several times in a row, can play a certain role in control. Winter protection, potted plants can be cellaring. Cold-tolerant species, the temperature in the pits is 0 to 5°C; in the tropical varieties, the pitting temperature should be maintained at 10 to 15°C and can be free from freezing damage. In the pond planting, cold-tolerant species can overwinter under the ice at the bottom of the pool; tropical species can be used to grow the bulbs in the north, and in the greenhouse at 10 to 15°C, they can be preserved by sand stratigraphy until they are planted in the following year.
Pest control: During the growth period, aphids are harmful, and can be sprayed with 45% Dimethoate 1000 times dilution. The snails harm buds and leaves. The drug control effect is poor, and biological control methods are available. Ducks and loach can inhibit the spread of pests.
V. Introduction of some foreign water lily species and varieties
(a) tropical water lily
The Egyptian white lily (N.lous) originates from the Nile River in Egypt. It blooms in the evening and is closed the next morning. Flower diameter 20 to 25cm, large flower type, open water open. White, 20 to 25 petals, long oval, rounded ends. The bracts are green and the veins are obvious. Pedicel, leaf stem green pubescent. Potted leaves are 42x40cm in diameter with green leaves, reddish leaves, and jagged edges. Stamens are yellowish, 70 to 100, and artificial pollination can be strong.
N. caeruloa originated in North Africa, Egypt, and Mexico. The early evening blossoms closed the next morning. Flower diameter 15 to 20cm, large flower type, open water open. 16 to 20 petals, flowers star-shaped. Pedicel and leaf stems reddish brown. Potted leaves have a leaf diameter of 32x30cm, green leaves, dark reddish purple leaves, small purple patches, slightly marginal leaves, and deep leaf bases. Stamens 80 to 100, strong ability is not strong.
N.stellata is also known as the star-shaped water lily or Yanyao water lily. It is native to India and Southeast Asia, and is distributed in southern Yunnan and Hainan Island. Flower diameter 15 to 18cm, large flower type, open water open, flowers star shaped, with aroma. 15 to 18 petals, sharply pointed at the top, dark blue, light blue in the lower middle, and purple spots on the back of the sepals. Pedicel, leaf stem green. The potted leaves have a diameter of 34x32cm, with purple spots on the leaves and dark purple spots on the back of the leaves. Stamens 70 to 100, filaments flat, light blue at the end, very strong fruiting ability.
N. rubra originates in India and Bangladesh, and it blooms in the evening and closes the next morning. About 20cm in flower diameter, large flower type, and open water open. Pink, 20 to 25 petals, long oval, sepals purple, veins obvious. Pedicel and leaf stalks dark purple. Potted leaves are 42x40cm in diameter. The young leaves have purple leaves and green leaves. The back of the leaves are pilose. The leaves are wavy, serrated, and the base of the leaf is deep. Stamens yellow, 70 to 100, artificial pollination can be strong.
N. mexicana is native to southern Mexico in North America and Florida in the United States and blooms during the afternoon. Flower diameter 10 to 14cm, medium flower, flowers floating or slightly out of the water. Fresh yellow flowers, petals 24 to 30, oval-shaped oval, young leaf intensive purple leaf surface, into a green leaf, dense dark purple leaf spots, leaf margins, leaf base lobed. The stamens are bright yellow, 60 to 90, and no fruit is found.
Thomas American Gardening Hybrids, introduced domestically in the 1990s. Flowering during the day, flower diameter 15cm or so, large flower type, open water open. The flower is blue-purple, with 20 to 24 petals. Pedicel and leaf stalks dark purple. Potted leaves have a diameter of 25x22cm, nearly round, with large purple patches on the leaves, dense purple patches on the back of the leaves, wavy leaf margins, and deep lobed leaves. Stamens 100 to 150, filaments flattened, apical appendages blue, anthers, inner filaments, and polymeric pistil yellow, artificial pollination can be strong.
Golden Cup Blue American Gardening Hybrid, introduced in the domestic 90s. Flowering during the day, flower diameter about 20cm, large flower type, straight open. The color is blue-violet, with 20 to 24 petals. The back of the sepals is blue-purple, with pedicels and peduncles dark red. Potted leaves have a diameter of 25x23cm, green leaves, blue-purple leaves, and dark blue-purple patches with wavy leaf margins and deep leaf bases. Stamens 70 to 100, filaments flat, apical appendages light blue, purple pollen sac, not strong.
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