Sand leafhopper

Scientific name Psammotettix striatus (Linnaeus) Homoptera, Leafhopper family. The aliases are spotted leafhoppers, fire scorpions, wheat eaters, and wheat monkeys. Distributed in the northeast, north, northwest and Yangtze River basins.

Hosts wheat, barley, rye, green trees, oats, buckwheat, wolfberry fruit, millet, sorghum, corn, rice and so on.

The characteristics of damage to adult, nymphs sucking crop stems and leaves, causing damage to seedlings discoloration, growth inhibition, and the spread of wheat red dwarf virus disease.

Morphological characteristics Adult body length 4-4.3mm, the whole grayish yellow, the head is obtusely protruding, with a pair of light brown markings at the proximal end of the crown, followed by a dark brown midline, each with a large irregular middle Plaque, near the edge at the end of each comma dot pattern 2, with dark brown stripes on both sides of the face, is the main feature of the sand leafhopper. Compound eye dark brown, 1 pair of monocular, pronotum with 5 yellowish-grey white stripes running through the pronotum and 4 gray-yellow-brown wider longitudinal stripes. There are dark brown spots on the side of the small shield plate 2. There are two brown spots in the middle, the lines are brown and black, the front wings are light grey, translucent, and the veins are white and yellow. Chest and abdomen are black. Light yellow. Egg length 0.93mm, long oval, light yellow. A total of 5 instar nymphs, dark brown vertical bands can be seen on the back.

Living habits 5 generations in the Yangtze River Valley, with adult nymphs in winter. The northern winter wheat area is 3-4 generations old, and the spring wheat area is 3 generations, and the eggs overwinter over the inner wall of wheat leaf sheath or litter. Incubation begins in early March of the following year. Overwintering adults can be observed in wheat fields in April. Adults in the April-May period are mixed with nymphs, concentrating on wheat fields and later migrating to weedy or autumn crops. After the unripe wheat seedlings in the fall, the adults moved back to wheat fields to harm them and spread viral diseases. Adults can tolerate low temperatures, winter wheat can still survive in 0°C, summer temperatures are higher than 28°C, activities are inhibited, adults jump well, and phototaxis is weak. In case of disturbance, they can fly 3—5m, and the activities are most prosperous from 14 to 16 hours on a windy day or night. More crouching at the base of the wheat clumps. In wheat-based one-year-maize-producing areas, areas with a large area of ​​millet and alfalfa, or hilly areas are suitable for the occurrence of this worm, and the density of worms in early broadcast wheat fields or Xiangyang warm land is large. Natural enemies are mainly leafhoppers and Trichogramma.

Control methods (1) Ecological control. Through rational dense planting, adding base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and reasonable irrigation, the microclimate of wheat fields can be changed to increase the growth of wheat and suppress the occurrence of this pest. (2) Reasonable planning, planting crops in large areas, scientifically arranging cereals, early autumn valleys, wheat fields, timely removal of grassy weeds, control of wintering bases, and reduction of insect sources. (3) For small wheat fields and sunny wheat fields with sunny microclimate, use a 33cm diameter catcher net to catch and nymphs. When 10 to 20 heads are caught every 30 times, sprinkle the 1.5% dimethoate powder in time. 1% parathion powder, 4% enemy horse powder, 4.5% formazan powder, 1.5-2kg per 667m2.

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