US scientists use genetic analysis to draw bat family maps

According to the latest issue of the United States "Science" magazine, American scientists used genetic data to draw a "family map" of the bat family. Bat is one of the most mysterious animals. Although it has more than 1100 species and accounts for more than one-fifth of mammals on Earth, scientists have been unable to outline its family lineage and evolutionary route due to scarce fossil evidence. According to statistics, about 60% of the necessary fossil evidence on the evolution of bats is difficult to find. However, researchers at the National Cancer Institute used genetic analysis to make up for the lack of fossil evidence. They selected all the 17 bat species present in the body to represent the 17 genes in the body. These genes were systematically compared and analyzed. According to the gene changes, the bats were divided into 2 suborders and 4 superfamilies. The researchers believe that this method of division is more reasonable than the classification based on anatomical features. Researchers also traced the lineage evolution of existing bat species based on genetic characteristics, and found some rather interesting conclusions. For example, there are two types of existing bats, one is a large bat like a fruit bat that does not rely on echolocation during flight, and the other is a small bat that feeds on predatory insects and has "exclusive features" of ultrasonic echolocation. Genetic evidence shows that large bats evolved from small bats, and small bats originated in the early Eocene 50 million years ago. They point out that the fossil evidence of bat ancestors has not yet been discovered, as the lack of fossil evidence for the evolution of small bats is more than half and the fossil evidence for the evolution of large bats is almost entirely absent. However, genetic evidence suggests that ancestors of bats are likely to both fly and have ultrasonic echolocation capabilities. Nancy Simmons, a zoologist at the American Museum of Natural History, published a commentary in the same issue of the journal Science, stating that bat gene maps are based on genetic data and establish a new theoretical framework for understanding bat evolution. The evolution of bats was successful because their ancestors “appeared in the right places at the right time.” They were able to fly and locate echoes. There was almost no competition in the Eocene skies.

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