Cultivation Techniques of Chinese Traditional Medicine Huaiyin
Chinese medicinal material yam cultivation method
[alias] yam, white yam, yams, yam and so on.
[Genus] is a genus of Dioscorea.
[Habits] Yam is a deep-rooted plant that requires deep soil, sandy soil with loose soil and good drainage. Strict requirements on weather conditions, strong adaptability. However, growing in a warm sunny environment is better. Any place where the soil is too heavy or too sandy, and where there is low water content, it is not suitable for planting. Avoid continuous works.
[Propagation] Breeding of reed heads and bulbs.
1. Reed breeding in Lutou Each year in late October, when the stems and leaves of yam are yellow, the underground roots are excavated, and the reed head (the one with buds on the top of the root) is taken as propagation material. Choose heads with short stems, full heads, thick heads, no pests, and 15 to 20 cm in length. Place them in an indoor ventilated place. Allow to dry for 5 to 6 days to heal the sections. Then use a straw rope to form 30 heads. Store in a dry cellar. Or in the room on the yellow mud floor (ie cement floor), store it in layers with clean river sand. The practice is: Select a corner of a dry earth house, first spread a layer of 15 cm thick, slightly dry river sand, a layer of reed top, and then spread a layer of river sand about 10 cm thick, so divided Layers can be stacked up to 80 to 100 cm high, and finally covered with a layer of slightly wet spun yarn, covered with a layer of straw, insulation moisturizing. During stratified storage, the room temperature is maintained at between 0 and 10 degrees. Below 0 degrees, the buds should be frozen. Above 10 degrees, germination is likely to occur and even rot. Store until the spring of the second year and take out the plant.
2. Shoot bud propagation When the yam is harvested in late October, the bulbous buds between the leaves are picked in time. Choose large, round, full and no pests, push the room to dry, and then put it into a wooden barrel or bamboo raft. Store inside the house in a cool, ventilated, and dry place. The temperature should be kept above 5 degrees in winter. Remove the sowing until the spring of the following year.
Bud propagation, usually used to raise seedlings for transplanting in the following year. In the middle of March, in the northern part of the country, in the middle of March, in the northern part of the seedling bed, in April, 25 to 30 centimeters of horizontal spacing were used to open horizontal ditch, 5 to 7 centimeters deep, and one bulbous bud was inserted every 10 centimeters to cover fine manure soil. Compaction, then cover the soil flush with the surface, pouring 1 water can be. Generally 20 to 25 days after emergence. During the seedling stage, the management is strengthened. When the seedlings are withered in the early winter, roots are excavated, and the thick and straight small roots are selected for storage. Storage methods are the same as before.
The above two methods of reproduction are alternately used in production. If the long-term use of Reed head asexual reproduction, it is easy to cause the phenomenon of variety degradation, therefore, must be planted using bulbs cultivation, rejuvenation, and help improve the yield and quality of yam. However, it cannot be used continuously. Otherwise, the output will decline year after year.
[Planting Techniques]
1. Soil preparation After cultivation of yam cultivation ground, the soil was deep-turned once in the autumn and the depth was 60 cm or more. After the thawing of late spring, combined with site preparation, the per acre was applied into a decomposed manure or compost 5000 kg, a cake fertilizer of 100 kg, and then plowing about 30 cm. Then, make a fine leveling, make a width of 1.3 meters high or high ridge, open the width of 30 cm on both sides of the drainage ditch, in order to facilitate drainage. In order to prevent and control underground pests, 40% phoxim 15 grams per acre was also applied for soil disinfection.
2. Planting In early April, when the temperature rises to about 15 degrees, take out the reeds or planted (that is, the one-year-old hill medicinal material that is propagated by the bulbous buds) in the sand and select the sturdy, well-prepared species. Planted after sprouting. When planting, first open the horizontal groove by 30cm spacing on the surface of the plant. Ditch depth is 10cm, width is 20cm, and the distance between the plants is 16~20cm. Place the lutou in the same direction as the bottom of the ditch, but the last one The buds in the head should be placed inside the temple. After planting, cover soil to a thickness of about 5 cm, cover it with a layer of manure or compost, and then pour a thin layer of manure and livestock waste water, and pour the flour. There are about 5500~8000 species per acre.
[Field Management]
1. Loose soil weeding is generally carried out 3 times. The first time the seedlings are unearthed in April to May, they can be smashed 1 times. Do not damage the reed head or planting. The second time is in June and late.锄1 times; the third time from the end of July to early August, the vines were put on the shelf and then pulled out by hand. After the line was closed, they were not in the grass and loose soil.
2. When the top-dressing seedling height is 30 cm, it is combined with loose soil rushing grass, topdressing human and animal manure water once for 2500 kg per mu; in the summer when the yam stalk grows vigorously, 1 additional livestock and manure water is added, and the amount is 2500~3000 per mu. kg.
3. When the scaffold seedlings grow more than 30 cm, they can use bamboo rafts or branches between the rows to set up scaffolds. Two meters high, each row inserted 4 to 5, the top of the adjacent pillars, tied together with plastic ropes to prevent collapse. Then, the stems will be hauled to the shelves to reduce the damage of pests and increase production.
4. Drainage and drainage water should be drained in time during the rainy season, and no water can accumulate in the earthworms, otherwise it will cause underground roots to rot and reduce production. In case of dry weather, timely irrigation and watering must be combined with topdressing.
[Pests and Diseases and Their Control]
1. Major diseases and control methods (1) Anthrax disease: Occurrence is severe from July to August, and small spots of brown subsidence appear on the damaged stems and leaves, irregular ring patterns, small black spots, and severe dry stems. Fallen leaves.
Control methods: {1} when planting, use 1:1:50 Bordeaux mixture to soak seed for 10 minutes; {2} after emergence, spray 1:10 Bordeaux mixture, once every 10 days, and even spray 2~ 3; {3} After the onset of the onset of spraying 65 percent of Sen Zinc 500 times, or 50% of the eubacteria 800-1000 times, 7 days, and even spray 2-3 times.
(2) White rust: occurs in the rainy season from July to August. Damaged stems and leaves, the initial emergence of pale yellow spots, then became a milky white ridge protruding outward, and finally the lesions of the epidermis ruptured, emitting a white powder. When the damage is serious, the stems and leaves can wither.
Control methods: {1} cultivated land can not be too wet, pay attention to drainage after rain; {2} bogey and cruciferous vegetable rotation; {3} early stage of spraying 1:1: 100 Bordeaux mixture, or 65% 500% dexamethasone liquid.
(3) nematode disease: endanger the underground roots, grow many small pods of different sizes, so that it can not be normal growth and development, affecting the yield and quality.
Control methods: {1} Combine site preparation, apply 40% phoxim, or 3% methyl isothiophos, 5 kg per mu to disinfect the soil: {2} Avoid using infected plants with pests and diseases: {3} Planting Before, the reed head or seedlings were soaked with 1:1:150 Bordeaux for 10 minutes for disinfection.
2. Major pests and control methods
(1) Poria: In the growing season, bite the roots of the tuber, so that the root can not be normal development, affect the yield and quality of yam. If eaten, taste bitter and cook not bad.
Control methods: {1} use 90% crystals of trichlorfon 1000-1500 times the water year, or use 3% carbofuran granules, 2 kg per mu, mix wet soil 25-50 kg, combined with the edge of the middle tillage grass Rill or rake surface fertilizer; {2} in soil preparation, use 40% phoxim or 3% methyl isophorus for soil disinfection.
(2) Leaf bees: The larvae are gray and black, and the stems and leaves of the yam are exclusively eaten. When severe from May to June, the leaves of the whole plant can be used as light.
Control methods: Spray with 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times.
(3) Ground tiger: bite underground underground roots.
Control methods: 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000-1500 times water to kill.
[collection and processing]
1. Harvest spring is the time before and after the frost fall. When the local stems and leaves are yellow in the late October, harvest the bulbs first, then remove the brackets, cut the vines, dig up the underground roots. Be careful when digging, pay attention to keep the yam roots Completely non-destructive. After digging, first cut the top of the head for storage, root processing into medicine.
Cup Coaster,Cup Coaster Healcier,Diatomite Cup Coaster,Cup Coaster Skin Care
Dongguan Vanilla Bioengineering Co., Ltd. , https://www.healthecigarette.de