The Characteristics of the Injury of Weeds in Parasitic Weeds and Forecasting Countermeasures
The Characteristics of the Injury of Weeds in Parasitic Weeds and Forecasting Countermeasures
Chen Guoyi,
(84th Agricultural Fifth Division, Bole City, Xinjiang 833405)
Liandang (orobanche.spp), commonly known as the poisonous root grass, and annual herbaceous plant of Gemini, is mainly distributed in high latitude areas and is most common in Xinjiang. It is usually parasitized in the root of oil sunflower, resulting in delicate plants and increased number of small panicles. The quality has declined. According to the investigation for many years, 10 sunflower parasites can cause 30% to 40% of pods, and severe plots can reduce production by more than 70%. In addition, due to the expansion of the planting area of ​​oil sunflower, the large number of seeds collected every year has been accumulated and the area of ​​damage has been increasing year by year. This has greatly affected the production of oil sunflower.
1. The species and morphological characteristics of parasitic sunflower oil
Currently, there are two types of genus of oil sunflowers in Xinjiang: the first one is the sunflower column, the other is the melon column (orobanche.aegrptiaca.pers), also known as the Egyptian column, the common name Guadin, and Ding. Hold grass and so on. Among them, sunflowers have single stems, small squid branches, short straw-like roots, and yellow-white brown stems, 15-40 cm in height, leaf-like stalkless stalks, and spike-like purple symmetry. Seeds are oval in shape and are 0.1-0.5cm long. They are easily spread by wind and water and live in the soil for many years. In the melons, when the stems are branched and the flowers are 2-4 cm long, the rest of the morphological characteristics are basically the same as those of sunflowers.
2. Parasitic laws
Columns are mainly seed-breeding, and the ability to spread is extremely strong and fast. Each plant can produce seeds in one year, sunflowers in more than 100,000 grains, and melons in more than 3 million grains. Since seeds are tiny, they can flow , rain, crop seeds, humans and animals, and mechanical transmission, and seeds can survive in the soil for more than 10 years. In the middle and late June, the soil will sprout and bloom indefinitely. Heavy and low-lying lands and newly reclaimed lands will be seriously damaged.
3, parasitic characteristics
The seeds of the shrubs in the soil, after dormancy, can germinate and parasitize under appropriate temperature, humidity, and stimulation from the parasite root exudates. After germination, filamentous seedlings are first formed, and suckers can form at the root of the oil sunflower, and gradually penetrate into the interior of the plant tissue. The invasive part of the sunflower was quickly inflated, with long stems growing upwards and rooting downwards. In the upper part of the column, the upper part of the column was scavenged and re-grown, but the underground part could still grow new shoots and continue to damage. Seeds do not germinate at depths below 25cm. Normal temperatures are above 25°C, and ground temperatures are the heaviest at 28°C.
4 Control methods
4.1 Strengthen the field investigation, find out when the seed base is listed, and predict the status of occurrence, so as to facilitate the rotation of the command.
4.2 Strengthen seed quarantine
The method is: Take quarantine sample 1000g, repeat screening, check the impurities under the electron microscope under the electron microscope to calculate the percentage, prevent the seeds from the damage zone.
4.3 Agricultural Prevention and Control
4.3.1 Turning down
When heavy land masses occur, it is necessary to implement crop rotation for more than three years. Planting as much as possible can produce secretions in the roots, stimulate crops that sprout seed and not be parasitized, reduce the number of seed bases in soil, and it is appropriate to grow cereal crops in general. .
4.3.2 deep flip
Heavy dumping of heavy oil sunflowers in the column should be carried out. The seeds should be buried deep below 25 cm to prevent germination and reduce the degree of damage.
4.3.3 Eradication and application of hormones
Manually eradicate before flowering, and apply a saturated solution of petroleum or urea on the cornice. Each plant is 1mm, generally 5-7 days, the root can be rotted, but the amount should not be too large, otherwise it may cause damage to the root of the oil sunflower. Normal growth.
4.4 Biological Control
Bacteria trap: can be cut off the column, cut the stem broken, the cut part of the floral, residue on the column when the mouth, covered with wet soil 4-5cm, promote wound infection, so that the soil withered when The weak host bacteria such as Fusariamro Gancho and Erwinia sp. quickly bred at the wound. After 5-10 days, the stems rotted and rotted. The rot of the fungus had a fertilizer effect on the oil sunflower.
4.5 Chemical Control
For the occurrence of heavier plots, it is better to use a 0.2% aqueous solution of diazonia powder or a 15% ammonium nitrate solution to prevent rooting.
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