Do a good job of “checking, pulling, and preventing” in wheat ear

One more month of wheat should be harvested. The current management must not be relaxed, and there must be a "battle" in the control of pests and diseases. For this reason, Jiang Jingyu, an extension researcher with special editing experience for plant protection for many years, wrote pest control techniques in the wheat ear period based on the characteristics of the occurrence of diseases and pests in recent years and the climate conditions in this year. She believes that the current focus should be on doing three things: check, pull, and defense, and hope that this technology can better guide farmers' production.

check

The first is Cha Mae, mainly investigating where McMug is located. In the past two years, wheat cultivars did not accumulate in large amounts in the panicle after wheat heading, and they also existed in the middle and lower parts of the plant. On May 22, 2007 in Baoding, the amount of sputum on the ear was extremely low, mainly concentrating on the damage of the middle and lower leaves. From the law of the occurrence of wheat aphid, the bifurcation in the wheat aphid occurred early and it was bred on the middle and lower leaves. After the heading of wheat, another type of wheat aphid, the long tube sucker, is damaged from the top of the plant to the panicle, and the propagation speed is very fast. It damages the wheat that is being grouted, and the yield loss is particularly large. In recent years, the pattern of this investigation was not obvious. When the ear of the wheat was in the middle and lower stages, it was mostly wheat bran. If the panicle blast was prevented, the wheat bran on the leaves was left out, causing it to be prevented again and again, but only once again. More prevention and control of the situation three times. Therefore, we should carefully check the plants up and down to see where the wheat aphid is.

The second is chalk follicles. Monitoring at the end of April, part of the wheat powdery mildew has begun to occur, occurred earlier than usual. And from late April to May 3, there are more cloudy days, and on May 3 there are light rains in local areas. The climatic conditions are conducive to the occurrence of powdery mildew. Powdery mildew is a low-temperature, high-humidity disease that develops below 21°C. Powdery mildew started from the lower leaves and appeared as grayish white patches, which gradually spread to the upper parts of the plants and reached the panicles. The onset of disease will be characterized by the characteristics of the disease center, and the conditions are suitable to spread from the center of the disease to the whole field. Based on these characteristics, peasant friends can't look down and not look down, but should focus on checking whether the lower leaves have white spots, the focus is on the fields under the trees, and the second is on the dense fields.

The third is to check the black ear. In recent years, some smuts in our province have picked up. In recent days, some farmers have reported that they have found black ears. There are three main types of black ears of wheat: scattered black ear, stalk black powder, and black ear. Head smut is characterized by the ear of the disease plant being earlier than wheat, or it can not produce ear. The culm black powder was distorted, and there were silver-gray stripes on the leaves at the beginning, and the black powder appeared afterwards. The ears of scattered black panicles were also covered with a silver-gray film, and they also burst into black powder. Later, black powder was scattered and only the cob was left. The smut stalk awns outside the L, the grain becomes dark grain, smelly. These smuts have entered the wheat body since the seed germination, so there is no need for drug control. However, investigating the black ear at this time is a critical period for preventing and controlling the spread of the disease, because the black ear is only revealed at the heading stage.

The fourth is the investigation of soil diseases. After the heading of wheat, if there are dead plants from head to toe in Tanaka, some are sporadic strains and some are monolithic, then pull out the dead plants and check the roots and stems. If it is black root, the base of the stem is black, and the black can't wipe it off by hand, like a black plaster on the stick. This is a case of full-blown disease. Full-blind disease is three black: black root, black feet, black plaster. This field should be recorded, so that early autumn sowing can be well prepared in advance. If it is not a triple black condition, there are also white spikes. The stems and roots should be examined. If there is a mottled spot on the stem, it is sheath blight; if the root brown is rotten and it is a root rot, it should pay attention to prevention in the autumn seed wheat.

pull

The first is the removal of grass weeds. In early May, wheat spiked out, and the weeds produced ear weeds were slightly earlier than wheat. At this time, grass and wheat were completely distinguishable. In addition, the grains of grass weeds are not formed, and they are immediately removed and taken out of the field for destruction. The best results are to be achieved. Don't miss it. Because the weeds of grasses are highly capable of reproduction, if they are not pulled out, wheat will grow over weeds after 3 years and wheat cannot grow. If we procrastinate for a few days, the seeds of grass weeds mature earlier than those of wheat, and they begin to mature from the top of the ear, mature one-off, and then the effect of the extraction is greatly reduced.

The second is the removal of black ears. The scattered black ear is a disease of flower infestation. The diseased ear of the flowering stage disperses the black bacterium, falls on the stigma of the healthy ear, enters the seed embryo and causes the seed to carry the bacteria. In the following year, if the seed with bacteria is used, it will be re-infected. . The stalk black powder and the black-ear smut pathogen are those black powders. If they are not removed and disposed, they fall into the fields and are mixed into the seeds, and the onset will become more serious in the coming year. Therefore, the ear should not be late as early as the ear, the black powder was not removed before the removal of diseased plants, destroy the bacteria.

Defense

The ear of wheat is a critical period for promoting yield. Advocate appropriate early management of wheat bran, according to the survey of 100 insects before and after May 10, 800 to 1000 can be used when medicine. When used to ensure penetration. One to three to four barrels of liquid medicine, so that the lower part of the drug. The agent can be mixed with 10 ml of imidacloprid 1000 times, or 1.8% of acetamiprid 2000 to 3000 times 30 milliliters of pyrethrin pesticide spray, or 40% acephate 1000 times.

Disease prevention is the prevention and cure of many diseases. It is mainly scab, powdery mildew, leaf blight, and rust. Due to the rainy days in our province, it is conducive to the occurrence of head blight. Gibberella is mainly responsible for the damage of the panicle. The early glume of the spikelet is whitish, and the red fungus layer emerges later. The general disease is part of the spikelets, which are half white spikes, some white ears, and white grains due to pathogenic bacteria. Severe wheat grains are also stained with red mold. Therefore, scab is also called wheat withers and rotten wheat. The heading and flowering period may be accompanied by three days of continuous rain, and it is difficult to prevent and control after onset. It should be based on prevention. Leaf blight and rust are all susceptible to disease in the middle and later stages. At present, there are a few places where the disease has been found. Such as Yixian occurrence of leaf blight. Leaf blight is a kind of leaf disease, which is commonly caused by pathogens such as Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Needles spores. The disease from the lower leaves of the plant spreads to the whole plant, even to the ear, causing the ear to become brown and seriously endangering the black embryo. The leaves are connected by a few lesions, causing the leaves to dry.

Preventing dry hot air is an important means to increase grain weight and increase production. During the grain-filling period of wheat, if the temperature of 2 to 5 consecutive days exceeds 32°C, the wind speed reaches 3m/s, and the relative humidity of the air is less than 30%, the wheat may be cooked by dry hot wind and the production may be reduced. In order to prevent the damage caused by hot and dry wind, watering can be carried out in a timely manner. The leaves should be sprayed with 0.2% to 0.3% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% urea solution, while increasing the grain weight.

The prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests should be prevented and eliminated by a multi-effect method with one spray and multiple preventions. Large prescription: 10% imidacloprid 1000 times (or 1.8% acetamiprid 2000-3000 times mixed with 30 ml pyrethrin pesticide spray, or 40% acephate 1000 times) +12.5% ​​diniconazole 2000 times (or 25% triadimefon 1000 to 1500 times) + 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% urea solution. Interval 7 days, use it again.

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