Diagnosis and elimination of common faults in the use of biogas digesters
2020-01-24 13:06:36
1. The water column of the pressure gauge rises very slowly, and the gas production is low. For a moment, it is impossible to ascertain whether the gas production is small or if the gas leak can be measured with positive and negative pressure. If the pressure gauge water column rises from zero to 10 centimeters within 24 hours on the first day, remove the gas tube from the catheter and let the biogas out completely. Temporarily install a U-shaped pressure gauge at the airway. Remove some of the biogas slurry from the water pressure chamber to make the digester negative pressure. If biogas in a biogas digester does not leak, it will only suck in the air outside the pool. After 24 hours, pour the extracted biogas slurry into the water pressure chamber and observe the rising height of the water column of the pressure gauge. If the height of the water column is the same as the first water column, the gas production will be slow, if it is lower than the first time. A lot higher, indicating biogas leak.
At the same time, the gas transmission system should also be tested for pressure leaks. If the system leaks, leaks should be checked and repaired; if the gas production is slow, first, the raw material for fermentation is insufficient, the concentration is too low, and the gas production is low; or although the raw materials are numerous, it is not fresh and nutrients have been digested. Therefore, the biogas bacteria are not given sufficient nutritional conditions; second, the concentration of inhibitors in the pool exceeds the limit that microorganisms can tolerate, making biogas bacteria unable to grow normally. This would require supplementing fresh fermentation raw materials or requiring large refuelling. Third, raw materials are unreasonable, and there are too few people and livestock excrement (dry matter).
2. There is little or no gas production after feeding. There is no burning or burning of the gas. This is more often seen when the winter temperatures are low. The reasons are: the biogas tank is not strong enough to seal, and it may leak or leak; gas pipelines, switches, etc. may leak; lack of methanogenic bacteria species, the utilization of volatile acids is not high, the non-combustible gas components are many; the ingredients are too rich or Too much grass causes excessive accumulation of volatile acids, inhibiting the growth of methanogens; the pool temperature may be too low.
Solution: Newly built biogas digesters and gas transmission systems should be tested for pressure test, must meet quality standards to ensure that no leakage can be used without leakage; discharge tanks contain incombustible gas, add strains, mainly added to activated sludge or pits The soil, the fecal residue in the old biogas digester, or replace most of the feed liquid; note that the pH of the fermentation broth is adjusted to 6.8-7.5. Judgment of fermented liquid over acid, in addition to the pH test paper test can also be based on the burning of yellow gas, burning red or acid taste to determine.
The method of adjusting the pH value is to add proper amount of grass ash or an appropriate amount of alkaline substances such as ammonia water or lime water from the feed inlet, and remove the fecal liquid from the discharge chamber into the feed inlet, and at the same time extend the feces into the feed Mouth stirred back and forth. When lime is used to adjust the pH, lime cannot be added directly. Only lime water can be used. The amount of lime water should not be too much, because the concentration of lime water is too large and it will combine with the carbon dioxide in the pool to generate calcium carbonate precipitate. Excessive reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide will affect the production of biogas; take warming measures and increase the pool temperature to above 12°C.
3, before the use of good, after the big material discharge, the gas is not good. It is important not to pay attention when discharging the material. The top opening is damaged or the material is not fed in a timely manner. This causes the inner wall of the tank, especially the air box, to crack, or the tank ruptures due to the loss of balance between the internal and external pressures, resulting in leakage of air leakage, or before discharge. It has been cracked, and it is stuck in the dregs without leaking, and it leaks after it is discharged. The external treatment method is: repair damaged place; before the feed, wash and dry the top of the pool, brush the pure cement slurry 2 or 3 times; after large discharge, feed in time to prevent the pool from cracking and maintain the pressure inside and outside the pool. balance. In areas with high groundwater levels, do not reload heavily during the rainy season.
4. The gas production started very well. After about three or four months, the gas production dropped obviously, and there was a bubbling phenomenon at the inlet and outlet. It is mainly that the fermentation material in the tank has been crusted, it is difficult to enter the air box, and it is turned out from the discharge port. The main reason is caused by the addition of some forage, and the use of pure human livestock and human waste is rarely the case. Solution: Install a manure remover; stir it regularly to solve it.
5, the original gas is very good, and then it has dropped significantly, or suddenly it does not produce gas. This is: loose gas at the switch or pipe joints, or the pipeline is open, or the pipe is bitten by a mouse; the movable cover is opened; the digester bursts and the leak leaks; the water in the pressure gauge is washed away; After using the gas, forget to turn off the switch or the switch. The poisonous substances such as pesticides are added to the pool to suppress or kill the biogas bacteria. The treatment method is: First, look at whether the water on the movable cover is bubbling. If not, perform pressure test and check on the pool and gas transmission system respectively to see if there is leakage of water. For example, find out where the air leaks are to be renovated; replace some or most of the old materials and add fresh materials.
6. All the human and animal excrement in the biogas digester. The gas production was strong in the early stage, and gas production gradually decreased after a period of time. This is because human and animal manure is decomposed by biogas bacteria and the gas production is quick and quick. There are approximately 30 to 40 days of peak gas production after fresh livestock and manure enter the pool. If no new material is added after one feed, the gas production will gradually decrease. Therefore, it must be emphasized that pig houses, toilets, and digesters should be connected to each other and connected to a solar greenhouse to ensure that fresh raw materials are introduced into the pool every day; balanced production of gas is achieved; and continuous supply of fertilizer is used in greenhouses.
7. When the pressure is low, the water column rises quickly and rises more and more slowly. After a certain height, it will no longer rise. The reason for this is that the air box or the gas transmission system jogs gas, and the leakage amount is proportional to the pressure, and the higher the pressure, the more the leakage. The pressure is low, the gas production is greater than the leakage, the water column of the pressure gauge rises. When the pressure rises to a certain height, the production gas and the leakage gas phase are in equilibrium and no longer rise. When there is a leakage hole between the inlet and outlet pipes or discharge, when the pressure in the tank When it rises, the liquid level between the inlet and outlet rises to the location of the leakage hole, and the manure water leaks out of the pool, so that the pressure cannot rise; the air leakage hole is formed on the wall of the pool, and the leakage is not caused when the sewage is submerged, when the biogas pressures the sewage. When it went down, it leaked; the manure was submerged into the upper and lower edges of the discharge pipe; when the methane pressured the manure water to the upper edge of the lower mouth, the water seal could not contain methane, and the produced methane gas escaped from the material inlet and outlet; The initial liquid level between the water pressure is too high. When the gas production in the tank reaches a certain time, the material liquid overflows the water pressure. Treatment method is: check the digester and the incoming and outgoing materials and gas transmission system for air leakage or leakage, find the leak to trim; if the feed liquid is not enough, add water from the feed inlet to zero pressure, liquid level up to the bottom of the tank; Discharge, always keep the liquid level is not high.
8, the pressure gauge water column is very high, but the gas is not used, this is too much fermentation liquid, air box volume is too small. Although the body is small and deep, the pressure is high, but the amount of gas is small. The height of the water column in the pressure gauge is only indicative of the height difference between the liquid level in the digester and the water pressure, and does not indicate the amount of gas produced. It is required to do diligent feeding and diligent discharge. When the pressure is maintained at zero, the liquid leveling tank is low or above and below; If the crop does not need to use fertilizer, it will be sent to the storage tank. During the rain season, do not allow the rainwater to flow into the feed port. Water pressure rooms should be built according to design requirements.
9. Although the water column of the pressure gauge is high, once it is used, it drops sharply and the firepower is weak, and the switch is turned back to the original position. This situation is: the air pipe is blocked, or the gas pipeline bends at the turning point, and the wall is pressed and stuck together, making it difficult for the biogas to be exported or flown. The biogas digester is too far away from the cooker, and the diameter of the installed pipe is small. , Or switches and other pipe fittings are small, so that the pressure drop along the biogas increases. As long as the air ducts are unblocked or the pipes are twisted and pressed, or the inner diameter of the air pipes and fittings can be increased.
10, switch open, pressure gauge water column up and down fluctuations. This is the phenomenon of gas leakage in the gas transmission system and condensation in the pipeline. It is necessary to check the pressure test of the gas transmission system to find out leaks, such as leaks in the pipelines, cut off from the leaks, and then connect them with joints. If the joint leaks, pull out the pipe, apply grease to the joint, and then put the pipe and tie tight with the cable; if the switch leaks, repair it should be replaced with a new switch; release pipe condensation And install a water trap at the lowest point of the gas pipeline.
11, open the switch, the pressure gauge water column up and down fluctuations, strong and weak when the firepower. This is due to the unreasonable installation of the gas pipelines, resulting in the accumulation of condensate in the pipelines and poor gas flow. Install the gas pipeline to a slope of five-thousandths of a degree in the direction of the digester, or install a water trap at the lowest point of the pipeline (in a pig house to prevent icing).
12, from the water pressure between the fertilizer, pressure gauge water column back into the gas pipeline. This is due to the fact that when the switch and movable cover are not in use, the fertilizer is excessive in the discharge chamber, the liquid level in the tank rapidly drops, causing negative pressure, and the water column in the pressure gauge is sucked into the air pipe. Therefore, large discharges should be made at the top of the pool. When there are too many small discharges, the gas pipe should be pulled out of the air pipe, and the pipe is still installed after the fertilizer is taken. Or how much material into the material, so that the liquid surface balance, prevent negative pressure.
13. The water column of the pressure gauge is washed out. This situation only occurs on the U-type pressure gauge. This is because the pressure gauge tube is too short, or it will not generate excessive pressure in the tank for a long time. When the biogas pressure in the tank is greater than the height difference of the pipeline water column, the biogas will flush out the water column inside the pipeline. Therefore, the installation pressure gauge should meet the design pressure of 90 cm water column height, not too short or too long, the top of the pressure gauge to install the entire bottle, so that the pressure gauge can reflect the pressure inside the pool, but also play a protective role.
At the same time, the gas transmission system should also be tested for pressure leaks. If the system leaks, leaks should be checked and repaired; if the gas production is slow, first, the raw material for fermentation is insufficient, the concentration is too low, and the gas production is low; or although the raw materials are numerous, it is not fresh and nutrients have been digested. Therefore, the biogas bacteria are not given sufficient nutritional conditions; second, the concentration of inhibitors in the pool exceeds the limit that microorganisms can tolerate, making biogas bacteria unable to grow normally. This would require supplementing fresh fermentation raw materials or requiring large refuelling. Third, raw materials are unreasonable, and there are too few people and livestock excrement (dry matter).
2. There is little or no gas production after feeding. There is no burning or burning of the gas. This is more often seen when the winter temperatures are low. The reasons are: the biogas tank is not strong enough to seal, and it may leak or leak; gas pipelines, switches, etc. may leak; lack of methanogenic bacteria species, the utilization of volatile acids is not high, the non-combustible gas components are many; the ingredients are too rich or Too much grass causes excessive accumulation of volatile acids, inhibiting the growth of methanogens; the pool temperature may be too low.
Solution: Newly built biogas digesters and gas transmission systems should be tested for pressure test, must meet quality standards to ensure that no leakage can be used without leakage; discharge tanks contain incombustible gas, add strains, mainly added to activated sludge or pits The soil, the fecal residue in the old biogas digester, or replace most of the feed liquid; note that the pH of the fermentation broth is adjusted to 6.8-7.5. Judgment of fermented liquid over acid, in addition to the pH test paper test can also be based on the burning of yellow gas, burning red or acid taste to determine.
The method of adjusting the pH value is to add proper amount of grass ash or an appropriate amount of alkaline substances such as ammonia water or lime water from the feed inlet, and remove the fecal liquid from the discharge chamber into the feed inlet, and at the same time extend the feces into the feed Mouth stirred back and forth. When lime is used to adjust the pH, lime cannot be added directly. Only lime water can be used. The amount of lime water should not be too much, because the concentration of lime water is too large and it will combine with the carbon dioxide in the pool to generate calcium carbonate precipitate. Excessive reduction in the amount of carbon dioxide will affect the production of biogas; take warming measures and increase the pool temperature to above 12°C.
3, before the use of good, after the big material discharge, the gas is not good. It is important not to pay attention when discharging the material. The top opening is damaged or the material is not fed in a timely manner. This causes the inner wall of the tank, especially the air box, to crack, or the tank ruptures due to the loss of balance between the internal and external pressures, resulting in leakage of air leakage, or before discharge. It has been cracked, and it is stuck in the dregs without leaking, and it leaks after it is discharged. The external treatment method is: repair damaged place; before the feed, wash and dry the top of the pool, brush the pure cement slurry 2 or 3 times; after large discharge, feed in time to prevent the pool from cracking and maintain the pressure inside and outside the pool. balance. In areas with high groundwater levels, do not reload heavily during the rainy season.
4. The gas production started very well. After about three or four months, the gas production dropped obviously, and there was a bubbling phenomenon at the inlet and outlet. It is mainly that the fermentation material in the tank has been crusted, it is difficult to enter the air box, and it is turned out from the discharge port. The main reason is caused by the addition of some forage, and the use of pure human livestock and human waste is rarely the case. Solution: Install a manure remover; stir it regularly to solve it.
5, the original gas is very good, and then it has dropped significantly, or suddenly it does not produce gas. This is: loose gas at the switch or pipe joints, or the pipeline is open, or the pipe is bitten by a mouse; the movable cover is opened; the digester bursts and the leak leaks; the water in the pressure gauge is washed away; After using the gas, forget to turn off the switch or the switch. The poisonous substances such as pesticides are added to the pool to suppress or kill the biogas bacteria. The treatment method is: First, look at whether the water on the movable cover is bubbling. If not, perform pressure test and check on the pool and gas transmission system respectively to see if there is leakage of water. For example, find out where the air leaks are to be renovated; replace some or most of the old materials and add fresh materials.
6. All the human and animal excrement in the biogas digester. The gas production was strong in the early stage, and gas production gradually decreased after a period of time. This is because human and animal manure is decomposed by biogas bacteria and the gas production is quick and quick. There are approximately 30 to 40 days of peak gas production after fresh livestock and manure enter the pool. If no new material is added after one feed, the gas production will gradually decrease. Therefore, it must be emphasized that pig houses, toilets, and digesters should be connected to each other and connected to a solar greenhouse to ensure that fresh raw materials are introduced into the pool every day; balanced production of gas is achieved; and continuous supply of fertilizer is used in greenhouses.
7. When the pressure is low, the water column rises quickly and rises more and more slowly. After a certain height, it will no longer rise. The reason for this is that the air box or the gas transmission system jogs gas, and the leakage amount is proportional to the pressure, and the higher the pressure, the more the leakage. The pressure is low, the gas production is greater than the leakage, the water column of the pressure gauge rises. When the pressure rises to a certain height, the production gas and the leakage gas phase are in equilibrium and no longer rise. When there is a leakage hole between the inlet and outlet pipes or discharge, when the pressure in the tank When it rises, the liquid level between the inlet and outlet rises to the location of the leakage hole, and the manure water leaks out of the pool, so that the pressure cannot rise; the air leakage hole is formed on the wall of the pool, and the leakage is not caused when the sewage is submerged, when the biogas pressures the sewage. When it went down, it leaked; the manure was submerged into the upper and lower edges of the discharge pipe; when the methane pressured the manure water to the upper edge of the lower mouth, the water seal could not contain methane, and the produced methane gas escaped from the material inlet and outlet; The initial liquid level between the water pressure is too high. When the gas production in the tank reaches a certain time, the material liquid overflows the water pressure. Treatment method is: check the digester and the incoming and outgoing materials and gas transmission system for air leakage or leakage, find the leak to trim; if the feed liquid is not enough, add water from the feed inlet to zero pressure, liquid level up to the bottom of the tank; Discharge, always keep the liquid level is not high.
8, the pressure gauge water column is very high, but the gas is not used, this is too much fermentation liquid, air box volume is too small. Although the body is small and deep, the pressure is high, but the amount of gas is small. The height of the water column in the pressure gauge is only indicative of the height difference between the liquid level in the digester and the water pressure, and does not indicate the amount of gas produced. It is required to do diligent feeding and diligent discharge. When the pressure is maintained at zero, the liquid leveling tank is low or above and below; If the crop does not need to use fertilizer, it will be sent to the storage tank. During the rain season, do not allow the rainwater to flow into the feed port. Water pressure rooms should be built according to design requirements.
9. Although the water column of the pressure gauge is high, once it is used, it drops sharply and the firepower is weak, and the switch is turned back to the original position. This situation is: the air pipe is blocked, or the gas pipeline bends at the turning point, and the wall is pressed and stuck together, making it difficult for the biogas to be exported or flown. The biogas digester is too far away from the cooker, and the diameter of the installed pipe is small. , Or switches and other pipe fittings are small, so that the pressure drop along the biogas increases. As long as the air ducts are unblocked or the pipes are twisted and pressed, or the inner diameter of the air pipes and fittings can be increased.
10, switch open, pressure gauge water column up and down fluctuations. This is the phenomenon of gas leakage in the gas transmission system and condensation in the pipeline. It is necessary to check the pressure test of the gas transmission system to find out leaks, such as leaks in the pipelines, cut off from the leaks, and then connect them with joints. If the joint leaks, pull out the pipe, apply grease to the joint, and then put the pipe and tie tight with the cable; if the switch leaks, repair it should be replaced with a new switch; release pipe condensation And install a water trap at the lowest point of the gas pipeline.
11, open the switch, the pressure gauge water column up and down fluctuations, strong and weak when the firepower. This is due to the unreasonable installation of the gas pipelines, resulting in the accumulation of condensate in the pipelines and poor gas flow. Install the gas pipeline to a slope of five-thousandths of a degree in the direction of the digester, or install a water trap at the lowest point of the pipeline (in a pig house to prevent icing).
12, from the water pressure between the fertilizer, pressure gauge water column back into the gas pipeline. This is due to the fact that when the switch and movable cover are not in use, the fertilizer is excessive in the discharge chamber, the liquid level in the tank rapidly drops, causing negative pressure, and the water column in the pressure gauge is sucked into the air pipe. Therefore, large discharges should be made at the top of the pool. When there are too many small discharges, the gas pipe should be pulled out of the air pipe, and the pipe is still installed after the fertilizer is taken. Or how much material into the material, so that the liquid surface balance, prevent negative pressure.
13. The water column of the pressure gauge is washed out. This situation only occurs on the U-type pressure gauge. This is because the pressure gauge tube is too short, or it will not generate excessive pressure in the tank for a long time. When the biogas pressure in the tank is greater than the height difference of the pipeline water column, the biogas will flush out the water column inside the pipeline. Therefore, the installation pressure gauge should meet the design pressure of 90 cm water column height, not too short or too long, the top of the pressure gauge to install the entire bottle, so that the pressure gauge can reflect the pressure inside the pool, but also play a protective role.
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