How to improve the fattening effect of beef cattle
2020-04-07 14:11:32
The age-choice test showed that the 1-year old cattle had the fastest growth rate; the 2-year-old cattle had a growth rate of 75% of the 1-year-old cattle; the 3-year-old cattle had grown at a rate of 50% of the 2-year-old cattle. In order to meet the requirements for slaughter weight, although the purchase of calves is less expensive, the feeding and management time is relatively long, the total consumption of feed is large, the premises equipment takes a long time, and the capital turnover is also slow. In view of the above reasons, in addition to the production of high-end fresh "small white beef" should be selected calf, the general choice of 2-3 years old cattle is better. If you choose to eliminate aging fat cattle, should pay attention to choose large, healthy disease-free cattle to engage in short-term fattening, do not choose sick cattle fattening.
Cowhouse temperature temperature has a great influence on feed consumption and weight gain of fattening cattle. The optimum temperature of the cowshed is 10-20°C. When the average temperature of the cowshed is lower than 7°C, the calves produce more calories, feed intake increases, and feed application efficiency decreases. When the shepherd temperature exceeds 27°C, the bovine body temperature rises, the respiratory rate increases, the appetite decreases, the food intake decreases, and the weight gain is affected. Therefore, summer should pay attention to ventilation and cooling, winter should pay attention to cold, so that the cowshed to the warm winter and cool summer requirements.
The number of fattening days showed that beef cattle fattening was the best for fattening for 95 days. The daily weight gain was 964 grams. The minimum feed cost required for gaining 1 kilogram of meat was the lowest and the feed return rate was the highest. On the contrary, the longer the fattening time was, the higher the feed was for 1 kilogram. The more fees, the lower the feed rate.
The feed requires that the content of protein in the feed should account for 12%, and the aged fattening cattle should account for more than 10%. If it is lower than the above content, it will affect the growth rate of the cattle. The proportion of crude feed in cattle diets should account for 30-40%. At present, the quality of crude feed for rural cattle is poor, and the digestibility is extremely low. It is necessary to improve palatability, increase nutrient content, and improve digestibility by using methods such as short-term, silage, ammoniation, and saccharification. The fineness of feed crushing not only affects the palatability, feed intake, and daily gain of fattening cattle, but also affects feed conversion and feed costs. Feed can not be crushed too fine, too small will affect cattle ruminants and digestion, easily cause food lag. The concentrate feed is generally crushed into 2-3 mm.
As far as possible when buying cows locally to purchase beef cattle, the summer transportation should pay attention to the density can not be too large, on the way to give enough water, do a good job of cooling the sunstroke. The tests showed that the weight loss rate of a car-transported cattle was 10.45% for a 800-km long-distance transport and the weight loss for a train transport was 20.07%. Due to geographical differences (climate, feed, etc.), cows purchased from foreign countries must go through a period of time before they can adapt to the new environment. Generally, it takes 25-45 days to recover their original weight. Therefore, when the price difference is not large, the cattle should not Take care of yourself so as not to lose.
Adding Weighting Agents At present, China's widely used is "zearalenol" and "ruminogen". Because it does not belong to steroidal compounds and does not belong to hormonal drugs, the above-mentioned weight-increasing agents are added to the feed, and the average weight gain rate is 10-20%. The weight-increasing agent is non-toxic, odorless, and has no side effects. The meat has no residue and is safe. reliable.
Before deworming, stomach-building and management of cattle fattening, they must be dewormed and stomachic. The daily management should maintain the health of the pens, not feed the mold and feed, ensure sufficient drinking water, keep the environment quiet, implement captive breeding, and reduce exercise to achieve the desired effect of gaining weight.
Timely slaughter
The 2-3 years old cattle fattening period can be divided into two stages. The first stage is the growth and development stage. The main weight gain is muscle, bone and internal organs. The protein content in the feed is required to be about 17%, and the energy feed is 2.4 Mcal/kg. In the later stage, the main weight gain is fat, which requires 12% protein in the feed and 2.7 Mcal/kg energy feed. When the fat of fattened cattle reaches a certain level, the appetite of cattle is reduced, the feed conversion rate is reduced, and the daily gain is reduced. The calf is fattened for 8-10 months, the adult cattle is 3 months, and the body weight reaches 400-600 kilograms to begin slaughter. optimal.
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