Pea seedling disease
Symptoms mainly occur on protected areas or on exposed peas. The diseased area was initially water-stained and gradually turned grayish. Cotton-like hyphae were produced on the pods and stems, and black sclerotia were produced on the diseased tissues. When the white mycelium of the diseased part grows vigorously, it also grows black sclerotia. Pea attacks from the base of the stem, resulting in wilting and death of stems. The culprit of the black mouse pedicel was observed in the open stem.
The pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Libert) de Bary is called Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, belonging to the genus Ascomycotina. The morphological characteristics of the bacteria can be found in soybean seedling nuclear disease.
Transmission pathways and disease conditions are sclerotized in the soil or in peas from diseased bodies or mixed with compost and seeds for wintering. In the next year, the sclerotia of the overwintering stalks will germinate under appropriate conditions to produce the ascitium plate. After the ascus is mature, spores in the sac will be ejected and spread with the wind. Spores last for more than a month and infest the surrounding plants. In addition, sclerotia sometimes produce mycelia directly. The mycelium on the diseased plant has a strong infective force and is re-infected to spread. Miao silk develops rapidly: the disease department is rotted. When the nutrient is consumed to a certain extent, sclerotia are produced and the sclerotia germinate without sleeping. The disease occurs in cold and humid conditions, suitable temperature 5-20 °C, 15 °C optimum, 0-35 °C ascospores can germinate, with 5-10 °C the most favorable. Mycelium can grow at 0-30°C, and 20°C is the most suitable. The temperature of sclerotia formation was consistent with the temperature required for mycelial growth. Sclerotia were killed at 50°C for 5 minutes. The bacteria have strict humidity requirements. In humid soils, sclerotia only survive for 1 year; water accumulates in the soil for a long period of time and it dies in 1 month; it can survive in dry soil for more than 3 years, but it is not easy to germinate. The germination of sclerotia requires high temperature and cool conditions. After germination, the ascus development requires sufficient water for 10 consecutive days. At 70% relative humidity, ascospores can survive 21 days; relative humidity 100% only survives 5 days; under field conditions, ascospores scattered on bean leaves survive for 12 days. When inoculum of pathogenic bacteria and hyphae infect peas, it is required that the surface of plants remain free for 48-72 hours. Relative humidity less than 100%, the bacteria can not infect. Pea seedlings disease generally occurs after flowering, and the bacteria can infect the health department after obtaining nutrition on the old flower. The duration of the disease is long.
Control methods (1) Use disease-free seeds or seed treatment Seeds are collected from disease-free plants, such as seeds mixed with sclerotia and diseased bodies, soaked in 10% saline solution before sowing, and then rinsed with fresh water and sowed. (2) Crop rotation, deep plowing, and soil treatment are conditional and can be rotated with rice and grass crops; deep plowing immediately after harvesting, burying most of the sclerotia below 3 cm; cultivating in the midst of the sub-capsule plate exhumation; warming of the wine mulching film, Use high temperatures to kill some sclerotia. (3) Diligently loosen soil, weed, remove old leaves and sick plants. From the beginning of the flowering period, it is insisted on several times. (4) cover the film, a reasonable fertilization. The use of mulch to stop the emergence of the ascus discs requires strict paving. In addition to avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, it is necessary to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Conditions can be covered with mud, blocking bacteria. (5) Focus on ecological control, spraying 50% Nongliling WP 1000 times solution or 50% acetaminophen WP 1000-1500 times solution, 50% quick WP wettable powder 1500-20 p0 times solution when necessary. , 40% Hubi Lee WP 800-1000 times, 50% Sulphur Suspension 500 times, 50% Doloxifen (Dotinol Plus Dietrich) Wettable powder 1500 times, 65% A Mildew (thiomycin) WP 1000 times, every 667m2 good liquid 60L, every 10 days or so, control 2-3 times.
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