How to Prevent Rabbit Eperythrozoonosis
Eperythrozoonosis is a zoonotic communicable disease caused by Eperythrozoon parasitization on the surface of various animal and human erythrocytes, plasma and bone marrow fluids. In recent years, the occurrence and prevalence of Eperythrozoon in rabbits has become more and more serious in China. Here, the author combines clinical experience, a brief introduction to the epidemic characteristics and diagnosis and treatment techniques of the disease.
Popular features
Most of the disease is in the warm season, especially in the summer and autumn when a large number of blood-sucking insects infest the summer and autumn. The symptoms occur implicitly or scatteredly, but they are caused by stress factors such as long-distance transportation, poor feeding and management, bad weather, cold or other diseases. Underlying conditions can lead to the onset of latent infection in rabbits, with severe symptoms and even a large number of deaths. This is a local epidemic. The authors believe that insect transmission, needle injection, and mother-to-child placental transmission are the main ways of transmission of this disease.
Clinical symptoms
Rex rabbits, especially young rex rabbits, are clinically manifested as an acute, hot, anemic disease. Diseased Rex rabbits have elevated body temperature, 39.5°C to 42°C, mental fatigue, decreased or absent appetite, pale conjunctiva, circling, sluggish, convulsions in limbs. Some of the rex rabbits had paralysis of their hind limbs and could not stand. The forelimbs had mild edema. Licking rabbits do not eat milk. A few sick rabbits have runny nose and shortness of breath. The course of the disease is usually 3 days to 5 days, and more than one week or more. The long course of the disease has symptoms of yellow jaundice. The feces are yellow and mixed with bile, and there is severe anemia. Blood tests showed that the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin in rex rabbits was low. Lymphocytes, monocytes, and blood index were all high. In general, the mortality rate of sub-rabbits is high, and the tolerant sub-rabbits are stunted and become rabbits. After pregnancy, pregnant female rabbits are susceptible to miscarriage, premature birth or stillbirth. The female lactating mid-lactation was also the main infestation subject. The limbs were soft, unable to stand, and finally died of exhaustion.
According to the length of the disease, the disease is divided into the following types of disease.
Acute type
There are fewer cases of this type. Sudden onset of multiple deaths, bloody mouth and mouth after death, body red purple, finger pressure fading. Some of the affected rabbits were suddenly paralyzed, their diets were abolished, their groans were no longer heard or painful, their muscles trembled, and their limbs twitched. At the time of death, bleeding in the mouth and bleeding from the anus. Duration of 1 day to 3 days.
Subacute
The rabbit's body temperature reached 39.5°C to 42°C, and the body temperature dropped before death. In the early stages of illness, he suffered from a loss of appetite, increased drinking water, and loss of appetite. The amount of drinking water decreased significantly or he did not drink. Rabbits tremble, turn around or do not want to stand, lying out of the ground, less urine and yellow. Begin constipation in rabbits. The dung ball contains mucus or mucous membranes. Later it becomes diarrhea, sometimes alternating with constipation and diarrhea. In later stages of the disease, there were bleeding spots on the rabbit's ears, under the neck, chest, under the abdomen, and inside the limbs. Some sick rabbits paralyzed both hind limbs and could not stand, lying in the ground. Some sick rabbits have runny nose, difficulty breathing, cough, inflammation of the eye's conjunctiva. The course of the disease lasted from 3 days to 7 days, and died or became chronic.
Pathological changes
In necropsy cases, the general nutritional symptoms of the corpses did not change significantly. The diseased rabbits showed abnormal body weight loss, reduced skin elasticity, and rigor mortis. The visible mucosa was pale, yellow stained, and there were dark red bleeding spots of different sizes. Bleeding spot, cloudy cornea, dull. Dry subcutaneous tissue or yellow jelly-like infiltration. Systemic lymph nodes were swollen, purple-red or gray-brown, and the cut surface was juicier, with gray-red or gray-white medullary swelling. The blood is thin, pale and hard to coagulate. Subcutaneous tissue and intermuscular edema, jaundice. Most of them have pleural effusion and ascites, chest and abdomen fat, and coronal sulcus fat. Pericardial pericardial, epicardial bleeding, myocardial relaxation, the color was cooked meat, fragile texture. The lungs are swollen, with bleeding spots or lobular pneumonia. The liver has different degrees of swelling, hemorrhage, and yellow staining. The surface has yellow stripes or grayish white necrosis, the gallbladder is inflated, and the bile is thick. The spleen is swollen, dark black, soft texture, blurred section structure, uneven edges, and some necrotic nodules in the spleen. The kidneys are swollen with fine bleeding spots or yellow spots, edema of the renal pelvis, filling of the bladder, yellowing of the mucous membranes and a small amount of bleeding points. Gastrorrhagia, necrosis, duodenal hyperemia, thinning of the intestinal wall, shedding of the mucous membranes, and other intestinal segments also have varying degrees of inflammatory changes. The lymph nodes are swollen, the cut surface is valgus, and fluid flows out. Pial congestion, brain parenchymal hemorrhage, soft, intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid increased.
Clinical diagnostic points: jaundice, anemia and high fever, clinical manifestations of systemic redness.
Laboratory diagnosis
Take a rabbit ear blood or death of a rabbit suffering from a drop of blood on a slide, add 2 drops of saline and mix well. Observe under a microscope 400 times to see damaged red blood cells and Eperythrozoon attached to red blood cells. The infected erythrocytes lose their original normal form, and their edges are not completely geared, star-shaped, irregular polygons, etc.
Prevention and treatment
prevention
In the onset season, eliminate mosquito breeding grounds and strengthen the work of mosquito killing; in the course of vaccine injection or drug injection, adhere to syringe disinfection and a rabbit-needle; maintain rabbit health, improve immunity, reduce stress factors, and reduce the incidence of The rate has good results. The whole rabbit population was dressed with azagamic acid and oxytetracycline, with 0.1% asparagine and 0.2% oxytetracycline.
treatment
1 protozoa bulk, 3 grams to 5 grams of feed per kilogram, once every 3 days to 5 days.
2 tetracycline, oxytetracycline, 40 mg/kg body weight, or 15 mg/kg body weight of chlortetracycline. Orally, intramuscularly or intravenously for 7 days to 14 days.
3 blood worm net (or triazolam, benil), 5 ml to 10 mg per kilogram body weight, diluted with saline to 10% solution, intravenous injection once a day for 3 days.
4 new quinone flavonoids, 40 kg to 60 mg per kilogram of body weight, dissolved in 5% glucose solution into 10% injection, intravenous slow injection once a day, repeated every 3 to 6 days once.
5 Nitratol, 15 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously once daily for 3 days.
6 Yellow pigment was administered at a dose of 3 mg per kilogram of body weight. The ear vein was slowly injected once daily for 3 days.
Terfenoxonate, a powerful injection of boric acid, was injected intramuscularly at 1.2 mg/kg body weight for 3 consecutive days.
8 Sulfamethoxazole Sodium Hydrochloride Sodium Hydrochloride Total Effective Injection, 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, used once every 3 days. In addition, with antipain drugs such as Antongding, vitamin C, vitamin B, etc. are properly supplemented, and patients with severe illness should also take strong heart, fluids, iron dextran and antibacterial drugs, pay attention to careful feeding, and assist treatment.
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