Problems in Apple Bagging Cultivation and Countermeasures
Apple bagging can not only improve the quality of fruit, but also increase economic benefits. In recent years, it has developed rapidly in northern Fujian. However, in the production, due to the lack of the correct apple bagging supporting technology, it often appears that the effect of bagging is not obvious, the economic efficiency is not significant, and even the phenomenon of duplication of efforts occurs. These to a certain extent affect and restrict the healthy development of bagging cultivation in northern Anhui. The existing problems and solutions are summarized below for reference by farmers.
First, the main problems
1. The pruning of the tree is irrational and the thinning of fruit and fruit is not in place. Excessive branching, dense branches, poor ventilation and light transmission, resulting in poor coloration of bagged apples, poor quality; excess fruit, too dense, bagging apples can not reach the standard of high quality fruit.
2. Improper selection of fruit bags. No matter what kind of apple, it is considered that the use of a double-layer bag is better than a single-layer bag, leading to an increase in the cost of bagging; the quality of the bag is indistinguishable, causing the rupture of the bag in the rainy season and the failure of bagging.
3. Improperly bagging and removing bags. If the bagging is too early or too late, there is a phenomenon that the young fruit falls off or the color of the bagged apple is poor, and the effect of the bagging is not significant. In addition to the improper bagging time, the fruit surface is rough, the color is poor, or the fruit surface appears sunburn.
4. Ignore pest and disease control. Most fruit growers believe that after bagging apples, they do not need to carry out pest control, resulting in serious leaf and branch pests and diseases, resulting in debilitating trees.
5. Do not chase organic fertilizer and ignore sprayed fertilizer. Many fruit growers believe that bagged apples are of better quality than unbagged apples and do not apply organic fertilizers in a timely manner, neglecting the need for fine-grained sprays on fruit trees, resulting in a substantial reduction in the sugar content of bagged apples, lightening of taste, and a decrease in quality. .
Second, the main countermeasures to be taken
1. Fine trim. Before the fruit trees are bagged, they must be carefully trimmed to lay the basis for the tree structure. Pruning in winter focuses on adjusting the structure of the tree, opening the angle of the branches, and rationally arranging large branches and branches so that the crowns are sparse and the ventilation and light transmission are good. In summer, the upright shoots on the back were removed, and overly dense, overlapping, and overlapping branches were removed to achieve a "flower shadow" under the crown of the growing season. Through pruning, the leaves can effectively carry out photosynthesis, and the tree body can fully accumulate nutrients. After bagging, the bag can fully see the light coloring.
2. Strictly sparse and thinning fruit. The fruit tree sparse from the inflorescence separation begins, in principle, every tree of 20 to 25 centimeters to leave an inflorescence, redundant inflorescences all sparse. In each inflorescence, leave one central flower and one side flower; wait until about half a month after the flower is spent, and then carry out fruit thinning. In general, leave 1 fruit every 20 to 25 centimeters away, remove the stunted small fruit, disease and fruit and malformed fruit, and retain the drooping fruit, good fruit, and large fruit.
3. According to the variety, a reasonable choice of fruit bags. In order to reduce the production cost, for the yellow and green apple varieties (such as gold crown, etc.) and the more easily colored red apple varieties (such as new red star, new Jonagold, etc.), the use of hydrophobic single-layer bags can also achieve the bagging effect. For red apple varieties that are more difficult to color, such as Red Fuji, Jonagold, Beidou, etc., double bags should be used to promote coloring. In northern Fujian, there are many rains in summer and sometimes wind and rain. Therefore, if you choose a fruit bag, you must choose a water-repellent bag. Otherwise, if the bag is exposed to wind and rain, it will crack and leak light, and it will easily cause failure of bagging.
4. timely bagging. Different apple varieties are bagged and bagged at different times. In order to prevent the young fruit from falling out of the bag, the apples can be bagged after the fruits fall down. According to many years of practice, Pingquan County generally carries out apple bagging around June 15th. It is easy to drop fruits and drop the bag prematurely, and it is easy to injure the fruit handle and affect the normal growth of the fruit. However, for gold crowns that are prone to fruit rust, they should be bagged as early as half a month after falling, otherwise the antirust effect will be poor and the fruit surface will not be clean. When bagging ends, Pingquan County usually ends in early July. The apple has already been colored late, and the bagging effect is not significant. At this time, the fruit has grown up and it is not convenient for the bagging operation.
5. Reasonably remove bags. According to the relatively cold autumn climate and large temperature difference between day and night, the specific time for removing apples in Pingquan County is generally controlled by: the more easily colored red varieties such as the new red star, the new Jonagold, etc., before harvesting 10 to 15 days in addition to bags (September 10 or so); more difficult to color red varieties such as Red Fuji, Hokkaido, etc., in the 20 to 25 days before harvest bag removal (September 20 or so); yellow varieties (such as Golden Crown), remove the bag 5 to 7 days before harvesting.
The double-layer fruit bag is divided into bags and divided into two parts. The first is to remove the extra bag. After 3 to 5 days, remove the inner bag. Single layer fruit bags, first open the bottom of the bag to ventilate or tear the paper bag into strips. After a few days, they can be completely removed to avoid sunburn on the fruit surface.
6. Conduct timely pest and disease control. Apple bagging, although it can greatly reduce the incidence of bagging fruit and pests, but in order to ensure the normal growth of the fruit, still need to strengthen the control of pests and diseases on the leaves, branches, protect branches and leaves, ensure that the tree grows robust, nutrition adequate. From bagging to bag removal, it focuses on the prevention and control of early defoliation, ringworm disease, spider mites, locusts, etc., and at the same time pays attention to prevention and control of special diseases and insect pests caused by bagging, such as bitter pit disease, Cornell mealybugs and so on. After bag extraction and before harvesting, the fungicide is sprayed in time to prevent rotten fruit disease. Be careful not to spray Bordeaux mixture so as not to contaminate the fruit surface and affect the quality of the fruit.
7. Add organic fertilizer, spraying fertilizer on fruit trees to reduce the reduction of fruit sugar content. According to the survey, after apple bagging, the soluble solid content (sugar content) of the fruit decreased by about 1%, which was due to the long-term growth of fruit in shading bags. In addition, the fruit acid content and the aroma substance content also decreased in different degrees, resulting in a lighter flavor of the bagged fruit during the storage period. Practice has proved that foliar spraying of rare earth micro-fertilizers, sugar-enhancing coloring agents, etc., can effectively reduce the degree of sugar content of bagged fruit; at the same time, fruit trees are applied with sufficient organic fertilizer to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, which is to reduce the bagging The fundamental measure of reducing sugar content.
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