Fertilization of cabbage vegetables
This type of vegetables mainly include cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, indigo, Brussels sprouts, etc., is the leaves of the ball, short vines, bulbs and lateral buds for human consumption. Cabbage vegetables have hypertrophic and blue-green outer leaves, with obvious wax powder and wavy leaf margins. They are low-temperature and long-day crops, but there are significant differences between the varieties and varieties. They also have one thing in common: they only accept temperature sensing when the seedling grows to a certain size. Cabbage vegetables are particularly hi-calcium crops in vegetables and require high amounts of calcium. When the lack of calcium due to soil, or due to physiological conditions caused by other environmental conditions, are likely to show symptoms of calcium deficiency, the occurrence of leaf margins, affecting the yield and quality.
The growth cycle of cauliflower can be divided into the germination period, seedling stage, rosette stage, flower bulb growth stage, bolting stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage. At the end of the rosette period, flower bud differentiation occurs at the top of the main stem, followed by the appearance of a flower bulb, which enters the early stages of reproductive growth. The number of days from flower bud differentiation to flower bulb formation to maturity of the product varies from species to species, and is approximately 20 to 50 days. In the cauliflower seedling stage, the dry matter weight of the leaves was more than twice as much as the dry matter of the stems and petioles, and the content of nitrogen in the leaves was significantly higher than that of potassium, while in the stems and petioles, the content of potassium was higher. Before the emergence of buds, the growth of stems and leaves was the most prosperous. After about 20 days of planting, the growth of plants gradually accelerated. At the same time, incubating buds was a turning point in the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and 40 to 60 days after planting. The growth rate of the ball gradually accelerated. At this time, the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium turned to the flower bulb. In order to ensure the mineral nutrition needed for the development of flower bulbs, watering fertilizer should be applied in time when the diameter of the flower bulb is 3 to 5 cm. To obtain 1,000 kg of flower bulbs, approximately 7.7 to 10.8 kg of nitrogen (N), 3.2 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) 2.1, and 9.2 to 12.0 kg of potassium (K2O) are required. The ratio is 1:0.3:1.1, which is significantly higher than that of cabbage, up to more than 1 times. In the cultivation process of cauliflower, we must first pay attention to the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the nutrient soil during the nursery period, and apply basal fertilisers from 2500 to 5000 kg per acre before planting. From planting to harvesting, it is necessary to top-dress 2 to 3 times, applying 2000 to 2500 kg of human waste or 3.0 to 5.0 kg of nitrogen (N) per acre. In a certain range, the amount of nitrogen applied increases and the yield has a tendency to increase. Especially during flower bud development, the effect of nutrient uptake is very obvious. If the nitrogen supply is insufficient at this time, the nutrients in the leaves will be transported to the flower buds. The lower leaves turn yellow and even fall off. In rainy years, it is better to apply more potassium fertilizer under the guarantee of nitrogen fertilizer supply. In soils with rich organic matter and high fertility, the potassium content is high. Even if the nitrogen content is slightly lower, the buds will have higher weight. Cauliflower is sensitive to trace elements such as boron and magnesium. When boron is deficient, it easily causes cracking in the center of the flower stem, brown spots in the flower ball and slight bitterness. When the magnesium is lacking, the leaves are whip-like and the growth is slow. It should be supplemented during fertilization.
Under proper cultivation, cabbage grows from seeding, planting to the start of the ball, its growth is gradually increased, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is also gradually increased. This stage accounts for about 15%-20% of the total absorption. . After the start of the ball, the absorption of nutrients increased rapidly. The absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus accounted for 80% to 85% of the total absorption, while potassium accounted for about 90%. Production of 1,000 kg of indigo, absorption of nitrogen (N) 3.1-4.8 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 0.9-1.2 kg, potassium (K2O) 4.5-5.4 kg, calcium (ca) The amount of nitrogen absorption is similar to 3.5 to 4.5 kg. The ratio of N, P and K is 1:0. 3:1.3. The percentage of nitrogen content in the outer leaves of the uncapping was 1 times higher than that in the heart leaves. With the formation of the spherules, the nitrogen content of the outer leaves gradually decreased, and the content of the spherules gradually increased and exceeded the outer leaves. Phosphorus content is also similar to the change, to the end of growth, the accumulation of phosphorus in the leaf ball most. Before the leaf formation, the potassium content in the outer leaves gradually increased. When the leaf formation, the potassium content of the outer leaves decreased significantly. With the rapid development of the leaf ball, the potassium content also rapidly accumulated, and the leaf ball grew most rapidly. The strong period reached the highest value. Leaf ball is an organ that accumulates stored material.
Cabbage is a hi-fat crop, and the amount of fertilization, fertilization period, fertilization method is closely related to the growth period and cultivation season of the variety. There are great differences in the age of young cabbage, short 30 to 40 days, the elderly up to 150 days. In the seedling stage, the development of seedlings was significantly inhibited when nitrogen and phosphorus were insufficient. Spring cabbage seedlings prone to early convulsion problems, in order to prevent the emergence of this problem, in addition to strictly control the sowing period, but also pay attention to fertilizer at seedling stage, nutritional conditions are too poor, easy to promote convulsions, excessive fertilization, seedlings grow quickly and easily Feel the influence of low temperature, so it is necessary to supplement the nutrition of seedlings, but also to properly control the fertilization. In general, fast-acting nitrogen fertilizers should be used less before winter. However, adding a small amount of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the sub-seedling stage is conducive to the recovery of root growth and the promotion of easing seedlings. Before planting and raising seedlings, topdressing human feces and urine is beneficial for improving seedling resistance and shortening the seedling period. Bottom manure of cabbage uses perishable manure or compost of 4,000 to 5,000 kilograms per acre, 60% of which is applied when the ground is used for hoeing, and 40% of seedlings are planted when planting seedlings. In the summer cultivation of cabbage, it is necessary to reuse basal fertilizer.
Spring cabbage during the colonization, with a small amount of water available nitrogen fertilizer, 7 to 10 kg per mu, has a significant effect on accelerating seedlings and improve cold resistance. When the plants are in the rosette stage after easing the seedlings, the absorption capacity of the roots is strengthened. When the seedlings are finished, they should be top-dressed with watering to promote the nodule. At this time, 2000-3000 kg of human fecal urine or 15-20 kg of urea can be used per acre. The nodule period is the period with the largest amount of growth in the whole growth period. Because the early-maturing varieties have a short bulbous period and have a quick weight gain in the early stage, they can be topdressed 1 or 2 times. The medium and late-maturing varieties have a long ball period and should be topdressed for 2 or 3 times, each time after applying 3 to 4 kg of nitrogen (N) per acre.
The seedlings of the autumn cabbage are spent at high temperatures, and the balling season is carried out in a mild and cool climate. Therefore, the focus of top dressing should be on the end of the rosette and before the mid-ballooning. The topdressing is generally performed in five stages: the first time a light human and animal urine is chased at the time of new root colonization. When the second fertilizer is applied in the formation of rosette leaves, it is necessary to increase the concentration and dosage, and human fecal urine can be used to add nitrogen fertilizer. When the rosette leaves are grown for the third time, they can be buried in the trenches, organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers are mixed, and the soil is sealed and filled with water. In the early and mid-balloons, topdressing was performed once again, and fertilization was stopped later in the game.
The type and amount of fertilization are not only related to cabbage yield, but also affect its storage effect. Experiments have shown that when growing cabbage in the application of organic fertilizer area (including organic fertilizer 8.04 kg nitrogen, inorganic fertilizer nitrogen 2.5 kg), nitrogen fertilizer area (equivalent to 10 kg of nitrogen), fertilizer area (equivalent to nitrogen 20 kg). After three months of storage and investigation, the commodity rate in the poly nitrogen area was significantly lower than that in the organic fertilizer area and the nitrogen fertilizer area. This is related to the decline in the product freshness of the polynitrogen fertilizer area, the high incidence of thousands of heartburn, and the high processing losses. Appropriate control of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to increase organic fertilizer, help maintain the good quality of cabbage and prolong the storage period.
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