To prevent high temperature drought in paddy fields during rainy days
In the summer, persistent rainy weather and oligo-illuminated weather often have a serious impact on the growth of rice, and may even result in the loss of rice in individual fields. In order to effectively reduce the adverse effects of low temperature, rainy weather and low light, it is necessary to strengthen management of rice fields and prevent and mitigate disasters.
Continuous rainy rice damaged
At present, rice in low altitude areas in the west of Yunnan, central Guizhou, and northeastern Yunnan has entered the period of tillering and jointing. The southeastern Yunnan, the high altitude regions in northeastern Yunnan, and the paddy-drought rotation two-cropping areas are basically planted and are entering the tillering period one after another.
Low temperature, rainy weather and low temperature caused the growth of rice seedlings to be slow. The time for rice transplanting in the city was generally delayed by 7 to 10 days. The second is the delayed fertility process. After transplanting rice, the time for seedlings returning green is extended, and roots and seedlings grow slowly. The birth process is delayed by about 10 days from the normal year. Thirdly, due to the deep watering in most paddy fields, the soil is devoid of oxygen, the physiological metabolism of rice roots is impeded, the vigor is reduced, and the ability of sucking fertilizers is weakened. The leaf speed of rice leaves is slowed down, and the number of tillers per plant is reduced by 1 or 2 than usual. The amount is generally insufficient. Compared with the same period in the same year, the number of rice stems per acre in large areas decreased by 3 to 40,000 seedlings. Fourth, there is too much rainwater, and the loss of fertilizer is serious due to flooding and irrigation. The nutrition of rice is generally insufficient, and large areas of rice grow weaker than usual. Fifth, there is a lot of rain. It is very favorable to the epidemic of diseases such as rice blast and the relocation of two pests.
Disaster prevention and reduction reduce losses
Timely removal of stains: For heavy paddy flooded rice fields, pay attention to clearing drainage in time, clearing ditches, removing silt and debris, washing seedlings to help seedlings, and reducing rice submergence time. For areas with excessive flooding, insufficient number of seedlings, and still in the stage of tillering, where there is water protection, the area can be drained and exposed, the water source ensures that the water level is reduced, wet irrigation is performed, soil physical and chemical properties are improved, and toxic substances are eliminated. Root vitality accelerates the growth of seedlings and promotes the occurrence of childbirth. For the field where the number of stems per acre has reached 180,000 to 200,000 seedlings, there is a guarantee of water supply, timely drainage of the field, promote root barrows and new leaf growth, inhibit invalid tillers, and increase the effective tiller rate; The water source guarantees the field, implements the drain light field to hold the field 2 or 3 times.
Strengthen the management of water slurry in the middle and late period: keep shallow moisture, dry up the shallow water booting after rewatering, heading to maintain flowering period to maintain 3 cm water layer, prevent high temperature and drought hazards, alternate wet and dry irrigation to promote grouting, shallow water irrigation after the milk stage, yellow maturation period to keep moist status. Retained paddy field blocks pay attention to drought protection seedlings, prevent late dehydration, improve the survival rate of rice dormant buds.
Timely top dressing and promote the stable development of seedlings. For the late planting, the number of seedlings is insufficient, and the plots for which the tiller has not yet been applied are subject to timely application of 5-8 kilograms of urea fertilizer to promote tillering; and 0.5% of the phosphoric acid may be sprayed on the plots with topdressing fertilizer. Potassium dihydrogen or herbicidal ash promotes growth; For plots that have been drained with alfalfa, topdressing fertilizer is applied as early as possible after rewatering, 7 kg of urea per mu and 4 kg of potassium chloride are applied to promote flowering fertilizer to increase total population of glumes. Spend a large amount of flowers and strive for large spikes; at the end of booting, use 3 to 4 kg of urea and 4 kg of potassium chloride to increase ear fertilizer, and then apply 800 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to spray 50 kg of water once to increase the seed setting rate; Fertilizers outside the roots, 0.2 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.5 kg of urea and 50 kg of urea to spray 50 kg of water on the leaves to prevent premature senescence and increase grain weight; the plots for retaining ratoon rice are planted after midseason harvest and 15 days before harvest. Full of bud fertilizer, Mushi 10 to 15 kg of 50% BB fertilizer or urea 15 to 20 kg.
Take effective measures to prevent high temperatures and droughts. From the end of June to the beginning of July, natural precipitating water should be taken into the pond, reservoir, and paddy fields to ensure the timely maintenance of water conservancy facilities such as irrigation and drainage ditches, so as to prevent the threat of high temperature and drought during the flowering period in mid-late July.
Comprehensive prevention of pests and diseases, reduce the loss of pests and diseases. At present, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and forecasting of pests and diseases such as rice stem borers, rice planthoppers, rice leaf roller plants, rice blast, and sheath blight, and issue early warning information. At the same time, we must strengthen the professionalization of unified defense, reduce pests and diseases, and reduce losses to a minimum.
Timely change to other crops. For serious floods that cause rice paddy seedlings to be destroyed and harvested, clean up the silt and debris in the fields as soon as possible, change to other crops such as sweet potatoes and vegetables, and minimize the impact of disasters.
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