Four common diseases and their control in the four seasons
The four seasons plant is susceptible to several diseases that can severely impact its health and growth. Here are the main diseases and their control measures:
1. Stem Rot: This disease primarily affects the stems of four-year-old plants, causing the base of the petiole to rot. Initially, reddish-brown spots appear on the surface of the stem's cortex, which gradually expand into water-soaked, translucent patches. These patches merge and spread toward the base of the lower petioles, eventually leading to rot and lodging. To prevent this, use well-draining soil rich in nutrients, and ensure all organic fertilizers are fully decomposed. Avoid overwatering and standing water in pots. In severe cases, sterilize the soil before planting. Proper spacing and good ventilation can help reduce pathogen survival.
2. Fungicides such as 70% Dexamethasone WP, D-801 powder, or 75% Chlorothalonil WP can be applied at a dilution of 600–800 times. Spray every 7–10 days for 2–3 applications to control the disease effectively.
3. Gray Mold: This disease mainly affects the stems, leaves, and flowers. Early symptoms include water-soaked spots, and once gray mold appears, it can lead to severe plant death. Improve air circulation and avoid excessive watering. At the early stage, spray with 50% Carbendazim diluted to 800 times.
4. Powdery Mildew: It mainly attacks young leaves and pedicels, causing white powdery lesions that turn gray-brown. Infected leaves curl, become scorched, and flowers become small. Apply 25% Triadimefon diluted to 2000 times during the early stages of infection.
5. Blight: This disease commonly occurs in seedlings, where pathogens invade the roots and shoots from the soil surface. Early symptoms include brown lesions, followed by the death of the infected parts. If detected, water the root area with 65% Dixin diluted to 800 times, or spray 600 times solution of Zezin. Repeat the treatment every 10 days for up to three times.
6. Nematode Disease: This disease mainly affects the roots, causing yellow-white nodules, stunted growth, smaller leaves, and even plant death. Before planting, ensure pots and soil are properly disinfected to prevent infestation.
7. Bacterial Spot: This disease mainly affects the leaves, starting with small brown spots that later develop into water-soaked lesions, leading to leaf wilting. Remove and burn infected leaves immediately, and spray with streptomycin diluted to 5000 times for effective control.
By understanding these diseases and implementing proper management practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of infection and maintain healthy, thriving plants throughout the year.
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