Eggplants are frequently affected by blight during the production process in southern greenhouses, leading to significant plant losses. To combat this, eggplant varieties resistant to wilt disease are commonly used as rootstocks. Grafting is an effective technique that can significantly reduce the occurrence of wilt. In addition, eggplants require higher temperatures for optimal growth. However, in early-season cultivation, low soil temperatures can hinder root development, which in turn affects the plant's ability to mature early.
Studies have shown that tomatoes, especially wild tomato varieties, have strong cold resistance. The ideal temperature for the growth of wild tomato roots is much lower than that of eggplants. By using wild tomatoes as rootstocks and grafting eggplant scions onto them, the cold tolerance of eggplants can be improved, making it easier to achieve earlier maturity.
The most common grafting method used for eggplants is the splice grafting technique. First, suitable rootstock varieties should be selected. Wild eggplants with high resistance to Verticillium wilt are preferred, as they need to have strong growth potential, good root development, and deep root distribution. For tomato rootstocks, varieties like Maofen 802, Zhongshou No. 4, and Zhongshou No. 5 are commonly used. These varieties are resistant to wilt and easy to grow.
In terms of scion selection, eggplants and clove eggplants are the most widely used. When sowing seeds, the timing must be carefully planned. If wild eggplants are used as rootstocks, they should be sown 15–20 days earlier than the eggplant scions. If tomatoes are used as rootstocks, the eggplants should be sown 7–10 days earlier. Once the eggplant cotyledons emerge, the tomato seeds can be sown.
Seed treatment is also important. For wild eggplants, 15–20 grams of seeds are dried for 6–8 hours, then soaked in a 0.1% carbendazim solution for one hour. After washing, the seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution (1–2 × 10â»â´) at 20–30°C for 24 hours. Then, they are treated with 55°C hot water for 30 minutes and 30°C hot water for 8 hours. The mucus on the seed coat is removed, and the seeds are wrapped in clean gauze. They are kept at 25–30°C for 16–18 hours and 16–20°C for 6–8 hours daily for germination. Warm water is used to moisten the seeds once a day. After 10–15 days, when the seeds begin to show white sprouts, they can be sown.
Tomato and eggplant seed treatments are similar to those used in regular cultivation.
For the grafting process, 1–2 seedlings of the rootstock and scion are prepared. Rootstock seedlings are planted in 99 or 1010-sized pots, while scions are placed in a seedbed with a spacing of 6 cm square. When the rootstock reaches the 5–6 leaf stage and the stem diameter is about 3 mm, and the scion has a stem diameter of 2 mm, it is the right time for grafting.
The grafting method involves cutting the eggplant seedling 2–3 cm below the cotyledon and shaping it into a wedge with a blade. The cut should be about 1 cm long. The rootstock is left with 1–2 true leaves and is cut horizontally from the top. The cut is made about 1 cm deep, and the eggplant wedge is inserted into the rootstock. The phloem of both the rootstock and scion should align on at least one side. A clip is then placed along the cut, and the graft is positioned properly. This ensures a successful union between the two plants.
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