Comprehensive Utilization of Fertilizer Source to Improve Fertilization Efficiency

In recent years, as the use of fertilizers has expanded across more areas, improper application practices have become increasingly common. To reduce the cost of chemical fertilizers and minimize their environmental impact, it's essential to diversify fertilizer types and adopt scientific fertilization techniques that improve efficiency. This approach not only helps farmers save money but also supports sustainable agricultural development. One effective strategy is to expand the sources of organic fertilizers and make better use of green manure. For example, promoting the cultivation of green manure before rice planting can enrich the soil. Additionally, planting legumes such as soybeans or peanuts—around 20-30% of the total crop area—can naturally fix nitrogen in the soil. These crops can be plowed back into the ground as green manure or planted between rows of other crops. Another method is to maintain grass cover between dryland crops, which helps retain moisture, prevent soil erosion, suppress weeds, and even reduce the risk of crop lodging. This practice ultimately improves soil health and enhances fertilizer efficiency. Balanced fertilization is crucial for achieving optimal yields. While there is a general positive correlation between fertilizer input and crop yield, excessive or poorly timed applications can disrupt the nutrient balance, leading to reduced productivity. For instance, every 100 kg of rice requires about 1.85 kg of nitrogen, 0.85 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 2.1 kg of potassium oxide. Similarly, 100 kg of cotton lint needs around 12 kg of nitrogen, 4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 12 kg of potassium oxide. By applying fertilizers in balanced amounts, we can avoid nutrient interference and unnecessary waste, thus reducing costs and improving long-term sustainability. Deep fertilization is another important practice. Applying fertilizers directly into the soil rather than on the surface reduces volatilization and prevents water pollution. When irrigation is limited, it’s essential to apply sufficient water to dilute the fertilizer concentration and prevent damage from over-concentration. Using a proper mixing technique ensures that the right amount of nutrients is released gradually, maximizing the effectiveness of the fertilizer while minimizing waste. Increasing the use of organic fertilizers, such as compost and animal manure, can significantly enhance soil structure and nutrient retention. Although these materials release nutrients slowly, they provide a well-rounded supply of essential elements and improve the soil’s ability to hold onto nutrients. Combining them with chemical fertilizers allows for a more efficient and sustained nutrient supply, reducing the need for frequent applications. Finally, improving fertilizer formulations and managing nutrient release peaks can greatly enhance productivity. Developing broad-spectrum compound fertilizers, custom-made for specific crops, or using slow-release technologies can ensure that nutrients are available when plants need them most. Blending inorganic and bio-organic fertilizers into particle forms can further optimize their benefits. For example, enzyme-based bio-organic compounds can be applied early or delayed, aligning nutrient availability with plant demand and maximizing overall efficiency.

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