GM crops are not the ultimate solution to pest control
2019-06-06 11:04:18
According to a report on the Scidev website on February 8, 2006, scientists recently wrote that the increase in the use of insecticide-tolerant GM crops will eventually lead to an increase in the use of insecticides, thus eroding the interests of farmers in developing countries. Thousands of farmers in Andhra Pradesh in India have committed suicide since the 1990s. The locals call it a "pest calamity," meaning that the overuse of pesticides by these farmers increases the resistance of pests and causes crops to grow. The production has dropped sharply and these farmers have been caught in a debt crisis. This is why proponents of genetically modified crops encourage farmers to use large doses of pesticides for long periods of time, regardless of the presence of pests. The experience of these farmers shows that planting genetically modified crops on a large scale violates sound pest management guidelines.
Resistance to insect pests is developed in two ways. The first is through "selective resistance", any kind of pest will normally have genetic mutations, including genetic mutations in insecticide resistance, and the use of pesticides will not prevent the surviving pests from becoming resistant to the drug. The genes are passed on to the offspring. The second is through "induction selection", even if some pests are born with no resistance characteristics, but the use of large doses of pesticides will also lead to mutations to increase resistance to drugs.
Anti-insect transgenic crops will also have a similar effect. It uses genetically modified crops to produce Bacillus thuringiensis to achieve pest control. Unlike spraying chemical pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides will maintain a certain level in transgenic agro-products for a long period of time, regardless of whether pests have caused the economic benefits of crops to be impaired. Therefore, genetically modified crops cause pest resistance to be highly variable. Spray insecticides.
As a sound and reliable pest management strategy, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can even be viewed as not using pesticide management methods. The effectiveness of this strategy enables farmers to no longer rely on drug-resistant GM crops. Pest control. When using an integrated pest management strategy, insecticides are used only when pests and diseases cause damage to crops that exceed the damages assessed by pre-management measures, and they are used only when other pest control measures are ineffective. In addition, managers do not consider only one type of pest, but rather consider all pests associated with crops. They consider all the factors that can influence the scale of pests in a specific environment, and finally develop feasible strategies to ensure that the scale of pests remains a certain level. This level is called the "European Economic Start Level (ETL)". These comprehensive strategies extend the use of pesticides as much as possible by ensuring that pests are not able to rapidly develop resistance.
To mitigate the emergence of pest-resistance variants, integrated pest management strategies avoid the use of pesticides as much as possible, unless the size of the pest has reached a pre-assessed economic starting point. If this happens, managers will determine the dose of pesticide based on the size of the pest. In contrast, pest-resistant transgenic crops eliminate insect pests by inducing pests to take large doses of biopesticides. The latest report of the researchers shows that in order to kill related pests, the transgenic crop of Bacillus thuringiensis has to be increased by 25 times.
Since the eradication of pests by transgenic crops is entirely dependent on the amount of pesticides that pests ingest when ingesting crops, the dosage of pesticides produced by the crop, the time of generation, and the place of production are all crucial. Unfortunately, studies have shown that levels of Bacillus thuringiensis are constantly changing between levels in individual crops and different species of Bacillus thuringiensis. The main parts of the plant's flowers, such as pollen, pollen sac, pistil, and petals of mature flowers, produce lower levels of Bacillus thuringiensis than other parts of the plant. Although the results of this study were not derived from farmers' plantations, the experience of Indian farmers showed that genetically modified cotton is extremely unstable during the year and in different parts of the country.
Another factor that may increase pest resistance is the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac gene, which has been widely introduced into hybrid cotton and other crops grown in India. Supporters of GM cotton also proposed that non-transgenic cotton and transgenic cotton should be mixed and planted to slow pest resistance so that the surviving pests are more likely to be killed by Bacillus thuringiensis. However, this method is difficult to achieve in India, because most farmers have very small planted area, and this method is difficult to effectively monitor and implement. This method of mixed cultivation will also lead to more pest resistance, which means that farmers will spray more pesticides, make farmers more impoverished, and the cost is too high, because some genetically modified crops are under reasonable pest management. Strategy does not have a place.
Resistance to insect pests is developed in two ways. The first is through "selective resistance", any kind of pest will normally have genetic mutations, including genetic mutations in insecticide resistance, and the use of pesticides will not prevent the surviving pests from becoming resistant to the drug. The genes are passed on to the offspring. The second is through "induction selection", even if some pests are born with no resistance characteristics, but the use of large doses of pesticides will also lead to mutations to increase resistance to drugs.
Anti-insect transgenic crops will also have a similar effect. It uses genetically modified crops to produce Bacillus thuringiensis to achieve pest control. Unlike spraying chemical pesticides, Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides will maintain a certain level in transgenic agro-products for a long period of time, regardless of whether pests have caused the economic benefits of crops to be impaired. Therefore, genetically modified crops cause pest resistance to be highly variable. Spray insecticides.
As a sound and reliable pest management strategy, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) can even be viewed as not using pesticide management methods. The effectiveness of this strategy enables farmers to no longer rely on drug-resistant GM crops. Pest control. When using an integrated pest management strategy, insecticides are used only when pests and diseases cause damage to crops that exceed the damages assessed by pre-management measures, and they are used only when other pest control measures are ineffective. In addition, managers do not consider only one type of pest, but rather consider all pests associated with crops. They consider all the factors that can influence the scale of pests in a specific environment, and finally develop feasible strategies to ensure that the scale of pests remains a certain level. This level is called the "European Economic Start Level (ETL)". These comprehensive strategies extend the use of pesticides as much as possible by ensuring that pests are not able to rapidly develop resistance.
To mitigate the emergence of pest-resistance variants, integrated pest management strategies avoid the use of pesticides as much as possible, unless the size of the pest has reached a pre-assessed economic starting point. If this happens, managers will determine the dose of pesticide based on the size of the pest. In contrast, pest-resistant transgenic crops eliminate insect pests by inducing pests to take large doses of biopesticides. The latest report of the researchers shows that in order to kill related pests, the transgenic crop of Bacillus thuringiensis has to be increased by 25 times.
Since the eradication of pests by transgenic crops is entirely dependent on the amount of pesticides that pests ingest when ingesting crops, the dosage of pesticides produced by the crop, the time of generation, and the place of production are all crucial. Unfortunately, studies have shown that levels of Bacillus thuringiensis are constantly changing between levels in individual crops and different species of Bacillus thuringiensis. The main parts of the plant's flowers, such as pollen, pollen sac, pistil, and petals of mature flowers, produce lower levels of Bacillus thuringiensis than other parts of the plant. Although the results of this study were not derived from farmers' plantations, the experience of Indian farmers showed that genetically modified cotton is extremely unstable during the year and in different parts of the country.
Another factor that may increase pest resistance is the Bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac gene, which has been widely introduced into hybrid cotton and other crops grown in India. Supporters of GM cotton also proposed that non-transgenic cotton and transgenic cotton should be mixed and planted to slow pest resistance so that the surviving pests are more likely to be killed by Bacillus thuringiensis. However, this method is difficult to achieve in India, because most farmers have very small planted area, and this method is difficult to effectively monitor and implement. This method of mixed cultivation will also lead to more pest resistance, which means that farmers will spray more pesticides, make farmers more impoverished, and the cost is too high, because some genetically modified crops are under reasonable pest management. Strategy does not have a place.
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