Astragalus Breeding 100 Questions and Answers 3
2019-06-25 07:06:56
Section I Correct Thinking of Holding Huangqi
45. What is the correct culture method?
Many friends have purchased a large number of books for raising elk to learn, but they have never mastered the correct way to raise educated people. The main reason is that there are problems with the attitude of learning. They always can't wait to find out from the book the miracle cures that would make Huang Qi survive all of the rest of the process. This led to the erroneous idea of ​​relying on drugs to achieve successful educating purposes, and the biological characteristics of Scutellaria which are widely introduced at the beginning of each book were little or no at all. In fact, if we want to succeed in raising astragalus, as long as we compare the biological characteristics of Astragalus, we should try to create an environment that meets its biological characteristics. It is also very easy to achieve satisfactory results by adopting appropriate measures. For example, if the suitable water temperature for Astragalus is 1-30°C, then it is necessary to put a few thermometers in the aquaculture pond to monitor the aquaculture water temperature of the Astragalus, especially when it is hot and cold, we should pay more attention to it. Huang Hao likes the dark environment. We must work hard to create a dark underwater environment, so that Huang Qi can quietly inhabit aquatic plants. The yellow cricket has a big eating habit in extreme hunger. We must think about feeding a sufficient amount of feed suitable for the jaundice and try our best to keep the size of the stock. Huang Hao is good at running away. We should design some anti-escape facilities and observe them to confirm their effectiveness. Similar examples are not exhaustive, but what we want to tell you is this sentence: Correctly follow the biological characteristics of aquaculture, and take effective measures against each of its characteristics one by one, and you can achieve unexpected breeding effects.
46. ​​Is there a short cut to quickly grasping the right breeding habits?
Corresponding breeding measures were adopted in accordance with the biological characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus. Then, we must spend a lot of time and energy to seek a better way of breeding, that is, to find the most suitable for the biological characteristics of Astragalus and easier to operate aquaculture methods, we need to do a lot of experiments. The initial farming methods are usually awkward and laborious. Over time, our method can be greatly improved, the operation is simple, the breeding is easy, and the survival rate is even higher. However, if we are studying on our own and exploring for ourselves, it will probably be a few years before our own technology can be greatly improved. As the saying goes: "The three heads are tops." Confucius said: "Three lines, there must be my teacher." The humility to learn from others' successful experiences is the key to quickly mastering the correct breeding techniques. My company's ability to raise elk can lead the country, in addition to our many years of hard work, continuous improvement of feeding methods, but also with us good at learning from others. In order to learn the experience of others, we have even travelled throughout the country's main producing areas. It is only today that we spend tens of thousands of yuan per year on study fees and we spend time studying and studying abroad. We are very grateful to the experts, professors and farmers who gave us warm hospitality and seriously taught the true technology. At the same time, we also expressed great disdain and indignation at the deceptive practices of some so-called information units in Wuhan and other places in Hubei. They affiliated with or rented a university, called "science and technology companies", "institutions" and other kinds of signs, advocating that their seedlings "from egg-laying to grow to 1 kg, takes about 7 months." And why in the Wuhan fish market is also more than 1 pound of astragalus is difficult to find its mark, and when asked about two pounds (1 kilogram) of astragalus, the carp owners have answered in unison: "A few years ago have received, It is very rare!†For feeding technology, it is contrary to the science and wildly boasting: “1 kilogram of seedlings are planted with 1 kilogram of seedlings, 20 kilograms of mantis can be produced, and the catch will be big and stay small. It will be introduced once, and it will benefit forever.†It even advocates “rice and rice bran.†"Wheat bran" and other feeding, "a few months to grow fat and big, big about 1 kg." We think that all readers who have a little knowledge of Huang Xie should be able to see the flaws at a glance. However, the beautiful lies are often quite tempting: Many of the students we received received hundreds of kilograms of so-called “extra-yellowheaded†seedlings from Wuhan and other places in Hubei, and they were all without exception. It suffered a tragic outcome that was completely lost. Therefore, while we are humbly learning other people's experience, we must pay attention to identification so as not to be deceived.
47. How can I earn more money when raising a baboon?
In recent years, with the popularization of Huangchan's holding technology, especially fish farmers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and so on, the use of cages to raise a large number of cages has reduced the seasonal prosperity of Huanghua in China from 7-8 times in the early 1990s. To about 2 times. If we are currently merely storing the Astragalus to the winter, instead of adopting a scientific breeding method to promote its weight gain, then the profit will have been meagrely reduced after deducting the weight loss and a small amount of death caused by Astragalus' own weight loss. In order to obtain substantial holding profit, we can start from the following three aspects:
1. Earn a poor specification. We feed the 30 grams of each of the acquired Astragalus membranaceus into the standard for large-sized jaundice by feeding the feed. We know that the medium-size Astragalus sold on the winter market (with a weight of 30-40 grams) costs about 11-13 yuan per jin, while the large-size jaundice (with a weight of 50 grams or more) weighs about 20 yuan per jin. , Before and after the Spring Festival are generally more than 20 yuan. Therefore, we have purchased the medium-sized Huanghua to raise it to large-scale sales. From the specification changes, we can make a more substantial price difference.
2. Earn growth profits. Generally, the seasonal holding period is from April to September each year, and it can generally increase by 1-4 times. Normally fish feed is used for adding wolfberry and special concentrates for amberjack are added. For every 1 kg of yinbao, the feed cost is 3-4 yuan, while the sales price of large-size jaundice is about 20 yuan. From the weight gain, we can also obtain considerable profits.
3, earn season difference. Changing the general simple storage to normal feeding will not cause the scutellaria to lose meat, which means that the weight will not decrease when it is put on, but it will also have considerable weight gain. Although the seasonal difference is small at present, the yellow storks that we have reared have been able to obtain a considerable amount of income as a result of adopting scientific feeding and breeding without loss of weight caused by meat loss. Combining the above three aspects, in the real sense, the real estate of Huang Huan is raised, and its profit is still quite rich.
48. What are the main reasons for the failure of raising jaundice?
According to our own practice and summarizing the situation of many Huanghua raisers, we believe that there are three main reasons for the failure of general temporary education for jaundice:
1. The route to purchase Huang Qi is not correct. Someone once experimented with putting 5 kg of astragalus and 3 kg of water in a plastic bucket. At that time, the water temperature was 24°C. After 4 hours of testing, it was found that the water temperature actually rose to 28°C. At 6 hours, the water temperature actually reached 33°C. However, when Astragalus membranaceus is above 32°C, it takes only 2 hours for Jaundice to cause physiological disorders and fever. The jaundice marketed on the market has generally experienced unprofessional storage of ultra-high density for a long time, and most of them have “feverâ€. And "fever" is no cure, the use of drugs can only play a certain degree of mitigation. It is a common practice for a number of early adopters to purchase the yellow cockroaches from the market for holdings, which is also an important reason for the failure of breeding.
2, without observation screening. The sources of the acquired yellow cockroaches are generally very complex, including cage-catching, hand-catching, electric-catching, poison-catching, fishing and catching. Some jaundice experienced a long period of high-density storage before the catchers sold them, and thus also had the possibility of “feverâ€. In general, we should put it into the observation pool for observation, and the yellowish crickets with abnormal behaviors and serious injuries should be timely listed on the market. The deaths in the pool should be promptly removed. Otherwise, there will be a lot of pollution of water quality due to death and sickness. The deterioration of the environment will lead to a large number of deaths of the jaundice, which will lead to the failure of breeding.
3, breeding methods are not scientific. There is no mud, no grass or only mud in the pool without any shading measures. Without water plants, the pool is too deep, the pool is unscientific, and lacks the necessary facilities for preventing escape and irrigation. It feeds rice bran, bean cakes, and other feeds that are not eaten by radix scutellariae, and is polycultured in size, resulting in jaundice under conditions of extreme hunger. A large number of small and unscrupulous breeding methods have caused some of the surviving jaundice to once again be reduced due to escape, death, and mutual food, which ended in failure. Section II: Purchase, Transportation and Screening of Astragalus. 49. How to choose the right procurement method?
According to our understanding, the general procurement methods adopted by farmers are mainly:
1. Acquire directly from the familiar catcher. Explain their intentions to them and ask them to take measures to prevent them from getting as hot as possible.
2, from the township market direct acquisition. Due to the monopoly of township and township acquisitions, there are price cuts and halfway purchases. In order to avoid conflicts with local buyers, farmers can go to the market in the morning. When the purchaser has just received Huang Xi, they immediately bought it and immediately returned it to farming. The quality is generally more reliable.
3, self-cultivation. Many raisers are themselves catchers. Self-acquisition and self-dependence are very careful because they are caught, transported and placed. The survival rate is generally very high.
50. What should be paid attention to during the transportation of the purchased Huangqi?
Use agricultural vehicles, tractors, motorcycles and other transportation can be. It is required to prepare more relaxed containers, usually iron boxes, plastic buckets or bamboo baskets lined with plastic film. The purchased yellow quail was placed in a container and shipped at a rate of 1 kg of astragalus and 4 kg of water. The surface foam should be drained before transport to extend the shelf life of the water. The transportation distance should be controlled within 4 hours, and the road surface should be as small as possible.
51, how to set up an observation pool and how to observe?
The observation tank is used for temporary storage of high-density jaundice, and convenient for observation and screening of temporary use of the pool, generally divided into earthen ponds and soilless ponds. There is an earthen pond that is about 20 centimeters thick in the bottom of the pool. The pool is not cast in water or only a few plants are placed in the pool. The depth of the pool is about 20 centimeters. If the sun shines, use shade nets or concrete tiles or bamboo fences to block most of the light in the entire pool. If no earthen pond is used, the laying area of ​​aquatic weeds should occupy 90% of the whole pool, and there should be no gaps in the laying. The depth of the pool should be about 30 cm. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the pool water (bottom of the pool) and the temperature of the water in the storage tank. If the difference is less than 2°C, the amber can be poured directly. If the difference in water temperature is greater than 2°C, the mounting vessel can be placed in the pot water, allowing it to heat up to a similar temperature, and then poured into the pot. After the generally good-quality jaundice is poured into the pond, it will all swim quickly and hide under the grass or into the mud. Few jaundice will stay in the water without plants. Drop density is generally 2-5 kilograms per square meter. Conditions should be as far as possible to keep micro-water flow in the pool. Huang Hao entered the pool the next morning, every cubic meter of water with "Chen Bao 3" 1 g and "Cang Bao 4" 5 grams, dipping water, while turning off the micro-flowing water. Pay attention to the observation after pouring medicine. If you find that there are a lot of holes in the eel or swim in the pool quickly, you should immediately add water to the pool to dilute the liquid. This situation is generally caused by inaccurate calculation of the amount of water in the pool water, insufficient watering during the pouring of the medicine, uneven distribution of the medicine, or inaccurate weighing of the medicine, and excessive concentration or high water temperature at that time. Generally about 3 hours after the drug is poured, you can resume "micro-flowing water." The drug is usually sprayed continuously for 3 days. On the morning of the 4th day, one cubic meter of water “Cangbao No. 1†is poured in 1 ml of water every morning. On the 5th day, 0.5 ml of “Cangbao No. 2†is poured into the water. 3 hours to restore "micro-flowing water." From the evening of the fourth day, feed rations are generally set on the basis of 1% of the weight of Astragalus membranaceus fed with 0.5% compound feed (combined with barnyardgrass, concentrates, and fish feeds) of pupa, puerpera or its body weight. Near the outlet, add water to the pool after feeding to attract the yellow toad to feed. If it can be eaten within two hours, you can increase the amount of food on the second day. On the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the amount of food and increase the feeding station. Farmers who do not add yellow wolfberry concentrates should add “Cangbao 5†to the feed immediately after they have eaten normally (the food intake is over 2%) for 3 days. Specific dosage see instructions. Temporary rearing of Astragalus membranaceus usually occurs 7-10 days after entering the pool during the high temperature season. Therefore, we refer to these days as the “risk period for raising jaundice,†and it is generally safer to maintain for 15 days. Therefore, we generally observe 15 days in the observation pool. During this period, any person who finds that there is no hole in the hole during the day, the hoe is motionless, climbs up to the surface of the grass and restless, tumbling in the pool, and the stomach is upwards, all of which must be sold out in time for timely listing. So as to avoid unnecessary losses. Found that the death of a cockroach must be promptly dealt with and Quanchiposa spilled over the whole pool.
52. Which methods are used to capture the jaundice for better conservation?
For the rearing of the astragalus, it is best to be able to ascertain its source. The current sources of the yellow crickets that are used for better conservation are: cage trapping, unarmed capture, electric capture, fishing and catching. Temporary support, otherwise there will be a danger of "annihilation". Drug-catching jaundice is generally weak and weak. It was found that such jaundice must not be purchased.
Section III Daily Management of Temporary Education of Astragalus and Fertilizer for Astragalus
53. What are the better breeding methods for raising jaundice?
There are three main ways of using the earthen pond, concrete pool (with soil and no soil), and cages for the conservation of the jaundice. The use of cages requires the construction of an appropriate observation pool for early observation and screening. After obstructing the disease, the observation pool can be aquacultured after it is put into the tank or cage according to its size.
54, how to determine the stocking density?
We had put about 20 pieces of 20-gram seedlings in a 10-m2 Dianchi Lake and have been breeding in the pond for up to two years. The bar has weighed 200-300 grams. The whole lake produces a total of 193 kilograms of Astragalus membranaceus. Rice produces nearly 20 kilograms. This is probably the highest cement density in the country currently. In the rearing process, due to the large amount of excretion, we not only used the constant flow of water, but also often spilled EM bacteria liquid to give it a barely maintained state. Of course, this is only an experiment. When aquaculture households are breeding, their output should be controlled within 8-10 kilograms per square meter. Farmers with good water conditions and high technical level should not exceed 12 kilograms per square meter, because ultra-high-density rearing conditions will cause rapid deterioration of water quality, and the enthusiasm of intertwining and bunching of yellow peony is common. If you don't do it well, you may have the potential to cause illness. Acquired astragalus for breeding, the general increase in the current year is 1-4 times. If we were to start breeding in April of that year, it would be advisable to put in less than 2 kilograms per square meter, and the later the start of breeding, the more the number of seedlings could be increased, but it is better not to exceed 5 kilograms. The stocking density of first-time raisers should be lower, so as to ensure the success of breeding.
55. Is it necessary to keep mud in the rearing pond?
Although the loach is lively and active, it can play a role in increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water and preventing the jaundice from intertwining and cleaning up the eel's feed. However, due to the fact that loaching is fast and food is sluggish and the crickets are slow to eat, we do not agree with raccoon polyculture in culture. The reasons are as follows:
1. Loach's rapid grazing will bring difficulties to the normal taming of Astragalus, causing unsuccessful tame food.
2, is not conducive to observing the eating situation of Astragalus, a large amount of loach food, a pool of polyculture 10-20% of the loach, if the pool of Astragalus due to feed uncomfortable mouth or enteritis and eat very little, the remaining feed can be pool The mud has swept away, making it impossible for us to discover the shortcomings of our feed in time or that the jaundice has become ill.
3, polyculture loach increased the possibility of aphid infection pests. The main body of the two kinds of fish is different in their internal parasites, and their polyculture increases the chance of mutual infection, so that the infection of both diseases and insect pests may increase.
56, how to better solve the yellow quail feed?
To solve the problem of yellow quail feed can be adapted to local conditions. For example, Zou Xuhong, a student of Dali in Yunnan Province, has a beef cattle slaughterhouse because of his uncle, so he can obtain a large amount of bovine lungs and other internal organs. Mr. Zou was mainly beef viscera, together with the right amount of fish feed, so that the breeding of nearly 1,000 kg of jaundice, spent only a few hundred yuan to buy feed. Mr. Xie of Beihai, Guangxi Province used the local rich and cheap oyster meat as the main ingredient to feed the yellow buckwheat, and also controlled the growth cost of the radix scutellariae to below 3 yuan. Mr. He from Hunan's Yiyang City uses the rich characteristics of the local small scent fish to feed the yellow scorpion mainly for small scads, and the feed cost is also relatively low. Solving the problem of jaundice feed should also vary from person to person. Mr. Xin of Binyang, Guangxi, has just entered the community and has no money to purchase feed. He therefore relied on pulling pig manure and chicken manure from the nearby farms, and fermented the bagasse fermentation to vigorously develop the breeding of praying mantis and fly pupae, almost totally relying on cultivation. The activity feed raised yellow buckwheat. It sold more than 1,300 kilograms of large-sized jaundice last year and earned more than 40,000 yuan, but it did not spend a penny to purchase feed.
57. What are the advantages of using compound feed to raise cockroaches?
As early as 1998, Zhenjiang Feed Co., Ltd. of Jiangsu Province began to develop and produce special compound feed for yellow buckwheat. At present, there are many feed mills in the country that have joined the ranks of production of yellow quail feed. The use of compound feed has the following advantages: 1 Feed is guaranteed, easy to store, once purchased, gradually used, is an important prerequisite for large-scale breeding of jaundice. 2Comprehensive nutrient composition, rapid growth of astragalus, high feed conversion rate. 3 Convenient to mix and control drugs and pests. 4 convenient processing and feeding. 5 can avoid the disease from the feed into the pond. 6 not easy to pollute pool water.
58. Can ordinary fish feed be used to feed jaundice?
Since there are too few manufacturers of special feed for baicalin, it is not easy for the farmers to buy directly, and because of the long distance, even if they buy, they must bear high transportation costs, virtually increasing the cost of breeding. Coupled with the current price of special feed for yellow oysters is high, nearly 8,000 yuan per ton. Buying special feeds for market cultivation of Astragalus on the market at present, the cost of breeding Astragalus membranaceus can reach 8-10 yuan. Even in Jiangsu Province, where the price of Huanghua is relatively high, farmers are hard to accept. As a result, there is currently very limited sales of special feed for the Chinese eel. With small sales, the price of yellow wolfberry can't be cheaper. In the process of breeding and training our students, we have been looking for a feed solution that is both convenient and can make feed costs low. After repeated trials, we found that many feeds in common fish feed can be used to feed scutellaria baicalensis, such as squid, river cake, black mullet, squid, frog, tilapia, etc., as long as the animal protein content is high. For fish feeds with protein levels above 35%, almost all can be used to raise jaundice.
59. What are the advantages of using Astragalus concentrates?
Although ordinary fish feed can be used for feeding jaundice, its feed conversion rate is still not ideal. Generally use squid feed plus quail feeding, need 3-4 pounds of feed to increase the weight of 1 pound of jaundice, use squid, river group feed, also need 2-3 pounds to make jaundice weight gain 1 jin, per jin of jaundice Feed costs between 6-8 yuan. After consulting experts on animal nutrition, it was found that the fundamental reason for the impact on feed conversion rate was that the requirement of amino acids and other nutrients in Astragalus was much higher than other common fish. In order to enable the feed level to meet the growth needs of Astragalus on the basis of ordinary fish feed, we have successfully trial-produced a special concentrated feed for Astragalus, which will be put into mass production at the end of 2003 after repeated comparison tests. The use of the concentrate can generally control the feed cost of Astragalus membranaceus within 4 yuan, and the Astragalus membranaceus eats fast and is not prone to enteritis. The parasites such as the common spinehead bugs in the intestine are also gone, and the food intake and growth rate are lower than There was a significant increase before using the concentrate.
60, how to process astragalus feed?
For a single use of cockroaches, fly pupae, small trash fish, animal viscera, etc. feeding the eel, the feed is directly fed without processing. For larger wild fish and animal internal organs, it is only necessary to first freeze in a refrigerator or freezer to sterilize under low temperature, then chop and feed it. For scale feeders, the use of batch materials for the cultivation of jaundice must be reprocessed, otherwise jaundice will not eat. First, the fish feed that was bought back was crushed (the finer the better), the appropriate amount of fish feed was weighed according to the amount of food consumed by the scutellaria baicalensis, the scutellaria concentrate was added at a proportion of 1%, and the wheat was blended at a ratio of 5-10%. Flour, pouring a proper amount of water (usually 1 kg of material plus 300-400 ml of water, the specific amount of water added according to the different types of feed and the difference, the proportion of its own water to try to grasp). Add wolfberry, fully mix on the machine, use a meat grinder (using a 3-4 mm die hole) to twist it into a thin strip (such as 蚯蚓) of the soft strip feed, slightly dry for a while (due to the higher temperature when just processed out , The stickiness is heavier. It can avoid sticking to each other when it is a little dry.) Turn it gently by hand to make the longer strips naturally disconnected, and then feed it by the pool. Better processed feeds should be kept within two hours after launching. If the strip shape is not ideal, it may be that the amount of water is not mastered or that there is no added astragalus concentrate. Because the material contains a special binder, it is very helpful for the smooth formation of the feed and long-term entry of water. Soft pellets should be used now and should not be stored for a long time.
61, how to grasp the proportion of wolfberry in feed?
According to the experiment, 3% of dry cockroach or lotus root meal was added to the compound feed. The feed rate of the yellow cockroach was more than 1 time faster than the addition of 2%, and the control group was added with 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% and 8%. There is almost no difference in the speed of feeding. It shows that the addition of no less than 3% of dry cockroaches in the feed for the yellow cockroach has quite a "temptation" for the cockroach. Since the water content of living organisms is about 80%, and the moisture content of air dried plants is about 8%, 1 kg of dried plants is equivalent to 4.6 kg of fresh oysters. When processing 100 kg of dry feed, we should not lower it. In 13.8 kilograms of fresh oysters. Although the acclimatized Astragalus membranaceus can feed on non-germinated batches, its feed intake and feed rate are significantly different from feeds fed with a sufficient amount of earthworms. Therefore, in our usual ingredients, 1 kilogram of dry material is best to add fresh squid not less than 150 grams. During the initial period of food intake and domestication, the amount of earthworms added should also be increased.
62, feed processing machinery how to choose?
In Huangqi’s feed processing machinery, meat grinders and small pasta machines are the most commonly used, both manually and electrically. For small-scale family rearing, at least one manual meat grinder (with 3-4 mm holes, approximately 100 yuan) should be equipped. For larger farmers, it should be equipped with an electric meat grinder, generally with 3-4 mm hole, with 1.1-1.5 kilowatts of motor, each about 500-800 yuan. For a large-scale breeding farm, a small household crusher should also be equipped to crush fish feed. There are a variety of hammers, such as hammer-type, claw-type, roller-type, drop-type, and so on, in order to use the claw-type grinder is the best. For small-scale rearing (within 50 kg) or requiring a small amount of jaundice to be administered to the drug, the amount of wheat flour added can be increased to 20-30%, and the wet material can be kneaded by hand into a dough with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Then use a knife to cut it to a length of about 3-5 cm, such as the thickness of the chopsticks, the soft strips, a little cool and dry to feed.
63, how to control the intake of Astragalus?
Astragalus generally consumes 1% to 1% of its own body weight and 0.5-2% on a dry basis. Because our astragalus concentrate feed contains specific attractant, it has the effect of promoting the secretion of digestive juice. The small amount of digestive juice secreted by Astragalus membranaceus is an important reason for the unhappy growth. Therefore, after using the Astragalus enriched feed we developed, the food intake will increase significantly and the growth rate will increase accordingly. However, due to the habit of gluttony, the maximum limit of our diet should be controlled within 10% of its weight (fresh material or wet material weight), and initial feeding should be gradually added from small to large. When the general water temperature is above 25°C, we use the wet weight 1% or the dry material weight 0.5% as the starting point for the initial feeding. Observe the eating and drinking situation and then increase or decrease it. When the water temperature is lower than 25°C, the initial charge should be halved from the previous standard.
64. Does raising a pond need frequent water changes?
Compared with raising other fish, the amount of water used for aquaculture is relatively small. The frequency of water exchange is closely related to the culture density. In general, when the amount of cultured fish is less than 2 kg per square meter, even if it is in the summer, there is no problem if the water is not changed in one week. The specific water change should be determined according to the water quality in the pool. In the sun, if the pool water is tender green, it is suitable water quality. If the pool water is dark green, you should consider changing the water. In general, one third of the pool water can be changed each time. If the pool is black, smell it with your hands, smell something, change the water immediately, and change the amount of water to at least half. In general, the rearing pond is changed for about 3 days in the summer, while the low temperature in the late spring and late autumn can be changed once a week for water in the first week, and the water can be changed in the second half of the month when the winter and spring jaundice are in hibernation. Depending on the water quality, it is flexible.
65. Do the dirt in the rearing pond need to be cleaned regularly?
Astragalus eats a lot of feed and excretes a lot of excrement. Therefore, as long as we pull apart the aquatic plants that live in the yellow pelican, we will find that there are a lot of black dirt underneath and it seems very dirty. In fact, these contaminants have been accumulated over time, and harmful substances such as ammonia discharged during decomposition have been absorbed by aquatic plants and will not harm the jaundice. Therefore, in order to give Acer a quiet habitat and to reduce labor intensity, it is absolutely impossible to clean up during a breeding season. However, in order to accelerate the decomposition of the manure and ensure good water quality, it is necessary for every three days during the feeding season. About EM liquid bacteria mixed with water sprinkled Quanchiposa.
66. Does the moss, duckweed, etc. in the breeding pond need to be removed?
A lot of mosses and duckweeds tend to grow in the aquaculture ponds, affecting the activity and breathing of the jaundice and should be removed. In particular, the growth of moss near the food table of Astragalus will affect the feeding of Astragalus, so it should be removed manually. Some weeds often grow in the earthen ponds, and some weeds form fine grass nets that affect the activities of the jaundice and should be removed promptly. Under sunlight exposure, some water surfaces appear to be “water skinsâ€, and observations have not hindered the cultivation of the yellow cockroaches. However, they are inconvenient for observing the food and activities of the cockroach, and should therefore be removed.
67, how to manage the water temperature in the culture pond?
In order to ensure that the water temperature is within the appropriate temperature range of the Astragalus, it is necessary to select a representative culture pond and place a thermometer in the pond, and pay attention to observe it, especially when it is too hot or too cold, pay more attention to avoid water temperature. Discomfort caused jaundice and even death. In the summer high temperature season, if we find that the water temperature is close to or exceeds 30°C, we should immediately add new water and deepen the pool water. At the same time, in order to control the temperature and water temperature in the water grass, shade nets can be used to cover the plants (generally not necessary (frame) or use other shading measures. In late spring and late autumn, the water temperature is low, which is not conducive to a large number of foods. The coverage of aquatic weeds can be appropriately reduced, and the feeding time of Astragalus can be gradually advanced to increase the feed intake of Astragalus membranaceus. In the low temperature season in winter, it is possible to adopt a method of partially covering the plastic film on the aquatic grasses of the breeding ponds. On the one hand, preventing the plants from being frozen to death, it is also beneficial to increasing the pool temperature. Pool water should be as deep as possible. In areas where there is no ice or only thin ice in the winter, winter can be directly overwintered in the earthless pool. In areas that are prone to icy or freezing in winter, it should be considered that the soil is overwintering or indoor heating is used for wintering.
68. Why should I constantly visit the breeding pond?
Farmers should at least try swimming pools once in the morning, in the evening and once in the evening. If conditions permit, they should often patrol the pool. Some engaged in large-scale breeding of jaundice, should take time to inspect, do not think to give breeding staff to raise a hundred. The aquaculture industry is an industry that requires a strong sense of responsibility. Any carelessness can greatly reduce the effect of breeding and even lead to failure of breeding. Especially in rainy weather, we should strengthen inspections. To see if there is a blockage in the drainage pipe, see if the drainage channel is open, and see if there is a jaundice out of the pool... Through inspections, we can find problems in a timely manner and we can make improvements to avoid or reduce losses.
69, how to catch the yellow earthworm in the earthen pond?
In the yellow cricket's feeding season, when we deepen the pool water to 50 centimeters, we will find that almost all jaundice live in aquatic plants floating on the water surface. Therefore, to catch yellow earthworms in earthen ponds, we only need to remove the weeds from the pond first, and then pile up a haystack of about 1 square meter square in the pool. The next morning, we use a piece of gauze or screen net to make a dip net. Move it up until you get water out of the area, and then pull out the grass from the net. The jaundice is inside the net. Such repeated two or three days, almost all the jaundice in the pool. During the period of hibernation, some yellow crickets have fallen into the bottom of the pool, and some have even drilled into the mud. The effect of catching grasshoppers is not ideal. Therefore, if the yellow earthworm in the earthen pond is planned to be sold in the winter, it should be picked up before the food is stopped and temporarily kept in a concrete pond or a temporary pool with a colored strip cloth on the bottom of the pool.
Section IV Cage Culture
70. What are the advantages of raising cages in cages?
The use of cage culture of Astragalus has the following advantages: 1 The investment is small. In general, a net cage with an area of ​​10 square meters has a production cost of about 100 yuan, a one-time investment is small, and it can be used for about 3 years. 2 to facilitate the development of astragalus culture in fish ponds. Set up cages in fish ponds to raise fish and fish, and use the water effectively. As long as it is properly arranged, there is no obvious effect on fish farming in ponds. 3 scale can be large or small. Cage culture can vary depending on its own conditions. From one to several hundred or even more than one thousand, invest hundreds of dollars to millions of dollars. 4 easy operation and management. Because cages only need to transplant aquatic plants, the labor intensity is small, and the usual culture is mainly to feed feeds and prevent disease and escape. There are few management projects and it is simple and convenient. 5 water temperature is easy to control. The cages are placed in ponds and other waters. The body of water is relatively large. The temperature of the water does not rise rapidly in hot summer days, and it is even more difficult to reach a high temperature of 30°C or more. 6 High survival rate of culture. Due to the fresh water quality and stable water temperature, cage culture has a high survival rate.
71, how to make a cage?
The materials used for making cages are generally polyethylene mesh cloths (also known as screen cloths), and are generally sold at places where barbed wire and screen meshes are sold. Generally ranging from 2-6 yuan per square meter price. When purchasing, care should be taken to use a smaller mesh size (it is not appropriate to insert the tip of the yellow tip into the mesh). The mesh is even, and the nails are used to scrape the warp or weft. The thread is tight and does not shift. It is strongly pulled and rubbed. It feels very firm. The party can choose to use. The cages are generally made into rectangles or squares, and the bottom area is not more than 20 square meters. The depth of the box is 1.2-1.5 meters (usually the depth of water is 50 centimeters, and 70 centimeters on the surface of the water is the escape prevention part). Cut the mesh according to the size of the cage, use high-quality nylon thread, and sew it with a sewing machine or a sole machine. The upper edge of the cage is rolled around while sewing the pinky nylon rope in the little finger and leaving the rope head for binding to the bracket.
72. Which waters are suitable for setting up cages?
However, where there is no significant difference in water level, the water quality is good and there is no pollution, and it is not affected by floods and droughts. A water tank with a water depth of 1-2.5 meters can be considered for the establishment of cages, either static or microfluidic. In all types of waters, ponds are the most suitable, followed by stable river valleys, lakes and reservoirs.
73. How many cages should be placed in the pond?
The main factor limiting the number of cages set up in ponds is water quality. Under normal circumstances, the total area for the establishment of cages in still water ponds should not exceed 30% of the total pond area. For ponds with flowing water, the area of ​​cages can reach 50% of the total area of ​​ponds, but at the same time the following aspects should be Situation considering the increase or decrease of area: the pond water source is good, and the replacement water can be easily set up; the pond can not be cultured with fish or the density of fish can be set low; the ponds that breed low-oxygen-resistant fish (such as squid) can be set . On the contrary, the area for the establishment of cages should be appropriately controlled.
74. How is cage placement more reasonable?
In cage-scale breeding, two rows of cages are generally grouped together, with a certain distance between the group and the group. The two rows are made of wood or bamboo to form a “springboard†for feeding personnel and inspections. walk. The cages are divided into fixed cages and floating cages. Generally, ponds with water depths of less than 1.5 meters have little fluctuation in water level. Consider setting up fixed cages, that is, piling to the bottom of the pool and then tying some bamboo poles on the piles. Or wooden sticks to support the net body. Water depth of 1.5 meters or more, the water level fluctuations, may consider the establishment of floating cage, that is, with waste oil drums, tires, etc., the entire cage to support the surface of the water, and take the shore to pull the steel rope to fix. There are also separate cages, which are used to observe and feed materials.
75. What preparations are required before investing in a box?
The cages used to raise the turtles should be put into the pond ahead of time, which will help the algae grow and make the fabric smooth, so as to avoid scratching the body. A lot of transplanted grass into the box. The area of ​​aquatic plants should account for more than 80% of the water in the entire cage, and the plants should be arranged closely without any gaps. According to the volume of water in the tank, 1 ml of “Cangbao 1†and 0.5 ml of “Cangbao 2†should be splashed for every cubic meter of water, including the upper side of the water weed. It must be used to kill pests.
76. What is the density of cage culture?
In general, although cages were raised in Yangzhou, a high density record of 53 kilograms per square meter had been established in Hunan Province, the output plan of the first raisers was better controlled within 10 kilograms. In the meantime, we must fully consider the length of our deferral period, the possible increase in weight and other factors. If the period of eating growth during the holding period is long, it is appropriate to place 1-2 kilograms per square meter, and vice versa. If it is only winter storage, the density can be greater. After observing and screening in observation tanks, the Astragalus can be classified into boxes and numbered each cage. At the same time, a record is made of the input weight of each cage and the approximate number of tails. The calculation of the mantissa is: randomly weighing 1-3 kilograms, counting the number of the average mantissa per kilogram, and multiplying by the total weight of the same specification that is put into place. 77. How do you set the feeding hole in the cage?
A 1m2 square bamboo frame surrounded by bamboo pipes is placed inside the cage, or a wooden frame is nailed into the wooden frame to allow it to float into the water. When other water surfaces in the cage are densely covered with aquatic plants, a place in the frame is left uncovered so as to form a hole with a visible bottom in the tank. We call this the “feed holeâ€. Larger cages can have one more feed hole or even one at each corner. This "hole" is not only the feeding hole, but also the "observation hole" for us to observe the eating and activity of the yellow cricket. If the aquatic grass grows into the "hole", it should be cut off in time to ensure that the hole plays its due role.
78. How do cage cages prevent escape?
Cage rearing requires special care in preventing flight, and carelessness can cause loss of escape. 1 When processing cages, it is necessary to make sure that there are 2-3 sutures for the sewing of the mesh fabrics. There are ropes on the upper and lower edges when sewing the cages, and the bottom four corners should be particularly strong. 2 Check carefully before launching the cage to see if there is any hole or off line. 3 The wooden poles and bundled ropes of the fixed cage should be strong and firm to prevent the cage from being blown off by the wind to escape. 4 Fixed cages should pay attention to inspections when they add water to the pond or in case of heavy rain, so as to prevent escaping due to rising water levels. 5 boxes should be cut off in time when the water grass is too high. 6 When the wind is strong, note whether the cage is blown by the wind. 7 Kill rats in time to prevent them from biting the cage. 8 Prevent vandalism. 9 Because of the small holes in the larvae, a large number of algae plants will clog the mesh and make it difficult to exchange water inside and outside the tank. Therefore, the walls of the net should be brushed every other month or as appropriate, and at the same time, check the cage for holes.
79. How to deal with some contradictions when a fish coexist in one pond?
A cage is set up in the pond to raise maggots, and the large amount of excrement and residual bait discharged by the yellow peony will cause pollution to the pool water, resulting in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water. If the pond is easy to change water or there is an aerator, or if the density of the fish is not large, the impact is not significant. In fish ponds that do not have these conditions, fish that are resistant to hypoxia, such as salmon, will be a good solution to this contradiction.æ± å¡˜åŠ æ°´æ—¶ï¼Œæ°´ä½å‡é«˜ï¼Œè¦æ³¨æ„åŠ æ°´æ°´ä½ä»¥å›ºå®šå¼ç½‘ç®±ä¸ä¼šé€ƒé³ä¸ºå®œï¼Œæˆ–åŠæ—¶æé«˜ç½‘ç®±ï¼›æ± å¡˜æŽ’æ°´æ—¶ï¼Œæœ€å¤§é™åº¦æ˜¯ä¸èƒ½â€œåŠç®±â€ã€‚防治黄é³åŠé±¼çš„病虫害，施è¯æ—¶è¦å……分考虑两ç§é±¼ç±»çš„用è¯é™åº¦ï¼Œä»¥é˜²å‘生ä¸æµ‹ã€‚ 80ã€ç½‘箱养é³åœ¨å†¬å£å¦‚何管ç†ï¼Ÿ
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45. What is the correct culture method?
Many friends have purchased a large number of books for raising elk to learn, but they have never mastered the correct way to raise educated people. The main reason is that there are problems with the attitude of learning. They always can't wait to find out from the book the miracle cures that would make Huang Qi survive all of the rest of the process. This led to the erroneous idea of ​​relying on drugs to achieve successful educating purposes, and the biological characteristics of Scutellaria which are widely introduced at the beginning of each book were little or no at all. In fact, if we want to succeed in raising astragalus, as long as we compare the biological characteristics of Astragalus, we should try to create an environment that meets its biological characteristics. It is also very easy to achieve satisfactory results by adopting appropriate measures. For example, if the suitable water temperature for Astragalus is 1-30°C, then it is necessary to put a few thermometers in the aquaculture pond to monitor the aquaculture water temperature of the Astragalus, especially when it is hot and cold, we should pay more attention to it. Huang Hao likes the dark environment. We must work hard to create a dark underwater environment, so that Huang Qi can quietly inhabit aquatic plants. The yellow cricket has a big eating habit in extreme hunger. We must think about feeding a sufficient amount of feed suitable for the jaundice and try our best to keep the size of the stock. Huang Hao is good at running away. We should design some anti-escape facilities and observe them to confirm their effectiveness. Similar examples are not exhaustive, but what we want to tell you is this sentence: Correctly follow the biological characteristics of aquaculture, and take effective measures against each of its characteristics one by one, and you can achieve unexpected breeding effects.
46. ​​Is there a short cut to quickly grasping the right breeding habits?
Corresponding breeding measures were adopted in accordance with the biological characteristics of Astragalus membranaceus. Then, we must spend a lot of time and energy to seek a better way of breeding, that is, to find the most suitable for the biological characteristics of Astragalus and easier to operate aquaculture methods, we need to do a lot of experiments. The initial farming methods are usually awkward and laborious. Over time, our method can be greatly improved, the operation is simple, the breeding is easy, and the survival rate is even higher. However, if we are studying on our own and exploring for ourselves, it will probably be a few years before our own technology can be greatly improved. As the saying goes: "The three heads are tops." Confucius said: "Three lines, there must be my teacher." The humility to learn from others' successful experiences is the key to quickly mastering the correct breeding techniques. My company's ability to raise elk can lead the country, in addition to our many years of hard work, continuous improvement of feeding methods, but also with us good at learning from others. In order to learn the experience of others, we have even travelled throughout the country's main producing areas. It is only today that we spend tens of thousands of yuan per year on study fees and we spend time studying and studying abroad. We are very grateful to the experts, professors and farmers who gave us warm hospitality and seriously taught the true technology. At the same time, we also expressed great disdain and indignation at the deceptive practices of some so-called information units in Wuhan and other places in Hubei. They affiliated with or rented a university, called "science and technology companies", "institutions" and other kinds of signs, advocating that their seedlings "from egg-laying to grow to 1 kg, takes about 7 months." And why in the Wuhan fish market is also more than 1 pound of astragalus is difficult to find its mark, and when asked about two pounds (1 kilogram) of astragalus, the carp owners have answered in unison: "A few years ago have received, It is very rare!†For feeding technology, it is contrary to the science and wildly boasting: “1 kilogram of seedlings are planted with 1 kilogram of seedlings, 20 kilograms of mantis can be produced, and the catch will be big and stay small. It will be introduced once, and it will benefit forever.†It even advocates “rice and rice bran.†"Wheat bran" and other feeding, "a few months to grow fat and big, big about 1 kg." We think that all readers who have a little knowledge of Huang Xie should be able to see the flaws at a glance. However, the beautiful lies are often quite tempting: Many of the students we received received hundreds of kilograms of so-called “extra-yellowheaded†seedlings from Wuhan and other places in Hubei, and they were all without exception. It suffered a tragic outcome that was completely lost. Therefore, while we are humbly learning other people's experience, we must pay attention to identification so as not to be deceived.
47. How can I earn more money when raising a baboon?
In recent years, with the popularization of Huangchan's holding technology, especially fish farmers in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and so on, the use of cages to raise a large number of cages has reduced the seasonal prosperity of Huanghua in China from 7-8 times in the early 1990s. To about 2 times. If we are currently merely storing the Astragalus to the winter, instead of adopting a scientific breeding method to promote its weight gain, then the profit will have been meagrely reduced after deducting the weight loss and a small amount of death caused by Astragalus' own weight loss. In order to obtain substantial holding profit, we can start from the following three aspects:
1. Earn a poor specification. We feed the 30 grams of each of the acquired Astragalus membranaceus into the standard for large-sized jaundice by feeding the feed. We know that the medium-size Astragalus sold on the winter market (with a weight of 30-40 grams) costs about 11-13 yuan per jin, while the large-size jaundice (with a weight of 50 grams or more) weighs about 20 yuan per jin. , Before and after the Spring Festival are generally more than 20 yuan. Therefore, we have purchased the medium-sized Huanghua to raise it to large-scale sales. From the specification changes, we can make a more substantial price difference.
2. Earn growth profits. Generally, the seasonal holding period is from April to September each year, and it can generally increase by 1-4 times. Normally fish feed is used for adding wolfberry and special concentrates for amberjack are added. For every 1 kg of yinbao, the feed cost is 3-4 yuan, while the sales price of large-size jaundice is about 20 yuan. From the weight gain, we can also obtain considerable profits.
3, earn season difference. Changing the general simple storage to normal feeding will not cause the scutellaria to lose meat, which means that the weight will not decrease when it is put on, but it will also have considerable weight gain. Although the seasonal difference is small at present, the yellow storks that we have reared have been able to obtain a considerable amount of income as a result of adopting scientific feeding and breeding without loss of weight caused by meat loss. Combining the above three aspects, in the real sense, the real estate of Huang Huan is raised, and its profit is still quite rich.
48. What are the main reasons for the failure of raising jaundice?
According to our own practice and summarizing the situation of many Huanghua raisers, we believe that there are three main reasons for the failure of general temporary education for jaundice:
1. The route to purchase Huang Qi is not correct. Someone once experimented with putting 5 kg of astragalus and 3 kg of water in a plastic bucket. At that time, the water temperature was 24°C. After 4 hours of testing, it was found that the water temperature actually rose to 28°C. At 6 hours, the water temperature actually reached 33°C. However, when Astragalus membranaceus is above 32°C, it takes only 2 hours for Jaundice to cause physiological disorders and fever. The jaundice marketed on the market has generally experienced unprofessional storage of ultra-high density for a long time, and most of them have “feverâ€. And "fever" is no cure, the use of drugs can only play a certain degree of mitigation. It is a common practice for a number of early adopters to purchase the yellow cockroaches from the market for holdings, which is also an important reason for the failure of breeding.
2, without observation screening. The sources of the acquired yellow cockroaches are generally very complex, including cage-catching, hand-catching, electric-catching, poison-catching, fishing and catching. Some jaundice experienced a long period of high-density storage before the catchers sold them, and thus also had the possibility of “feverâ€. In general, we should put it into the observation pool for observation, and the yellowish crickets with abnormal behaviors and serious injuries should be timely listed on the market. The deaths in the pool should be promptly removed. Otherwise, there will be a lot of pollution of water quality due to death and sickness. The deterioration of the environment will lead to a large number of deaths of the jaundice, which will lead to the failure of breeding.
3, breeding methods are not scientific. There is no mud, no grass or only mud in the pool without any shading measures. Without water plants, the pool is too deep, the pool is unscientific, and lacks the necessary facilities for preventing escape and irrigation. It feeds rice bran, bean cakes, and other feeds that are not eaten by radix scutellariae, and is polycultured in size, resulting in jaundice under conditions of extreme hunger. A large number of small and unscrupulous breeding methods have caused some of the surviving jaundice to once again be reduced due to escape, death, and mutual food, which ended in failure. Section II: Purchase, Transportation and Screening of Astragalus. 49. How to choose the right procurement method?
According to our understanding, the general procurement methods adopted by farmers are mainly:
1. Acquire directly from the familiar catcher. Explain their intentions to them and ask them to take measures to prevent them from getting as hot as possible.
2, from the township market direct acquisition. Due to the monopoly of township and township acquisitions, there are price cuts and halfway purchases. In order to avoid conflicts with local buyers, farmers can go to the market in the morning. When the purchaser has just received Huang Xi, they immediately bought it and immediately returned it to farming. The quality is generally more reliable.
3, self-cultivation. Many raisers are themselves catchers. Self-acquisition and self-dependence are very careful because they are caught, transported and placed. The survival rate is generally very high.
50. What should be paid attention to during the transportation of the purchased Huangqi?
Use agricultural vehicles, tractors, motorcycles and other transportation can be. It is required to prepare more relaxed containers, usually iron boxes, plastic buckets or bamboo baskets lined with plastic film. The purchased yellow quail was placed in a container and shipped at a rate of 1 kg of astragalus and 4 kg of water. The surface foam should be drained before transport to extend the shelf life of the water. The transportation distance should be controlled within 4 hours, and the road surface should be as small as possible.
51, how to set up an observation pool and how to observe?
The observation tank is used for temporary storage of high-density jaundice, and convenient for observation and screening of temporary use of the pool, generally divided into earthen ponds and soilless ponds. There is an earthen pond that is about 20 centimeters thick in the bottom of the pool. The pool is not cast in water or only a few plants are placed in the pool. The depth of the pool is about 20 centimeters. If the sun shines, use shade nets or concrete tiles or bamboo fences to block most of the light in the entire pool. If no earthen pond is used, the laying area of ​​aquatic weeds should occupy 90% of the whole pool, and there should be no gaps in the laying. The depth of the pool should be about 30 cm. Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the pool water (bottom of the pool) and the temperature of the water in the storage tank. If the difference is less than 2°C, the amber can be poured directly. If the difference in water temperature is greater than 2°C, the mounting vessel can be placed in the pot water, allowing it to heat up to a similar temperature, and then poured into the pot. After the generally good-quality jaundice is poured into the pond, it will all swim quickly and hide under the grass or into the mud. Few jaundice will stay in the water without plants. Drop density is generally 2-5 kilograms per square meter. Conditions should be as far as possible to keep micro-water flow in the pool. Huang Hao entered the pool the next morning, every cubic meter of water with "Chen Bao 3" 1 g and "Cang Bao 4" 5 grams, dipping water, while turning off the micro-flowing water. Pay attention to the observation after pouring medicine. If you find that there are a lot of holes in the eel or swim in the pool quickly, you should immediately add water to the pool to dilute the liquid. This situation is generally caused by inaccurate calculation of the amount of water in the pool water, insufficient watering during the pouring of the medicine, uneven distribution of the medicine, or inaccurate weighing of the medicine, and excessive concentration or high water temperature at that time. Generally about 3 hours after the drug is poured, you can resume "micro-flowing water." The drug is usually sprayed continuously for 3 days. On the morning of the 4th day, one cubic meter of water “Cangbao No. 1†is poured in 1 ml of water every morning. On the 5th day, 0.5 ml of “Cangbao No. 2†is poured into the water. 3 hours to restore "micro-flowing water." From the evening of the fourth day, feed rations are generally set on the basis of 1% of the weight of Astragalus membranaceus fed with 0.5% compound feed (combined with barnyardgrass, concentrates, and fish feeds) of pupa, puerpera or its body weight. Near the outlet, add water to the pool after feeding to attract the yellow toad to feed. If it can be eaten within two hours, you can increase the amount of food on the second day. On the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the amount of food and increase the feeding station. Farmers who do not add yellow wolfberry concentrates should add “Cangbao 5†to the feed immediately after they have eaten normally (the food intake is over 2%) for 3 days. Specific dosage see instructions. Temporary rearing of Astragalus membranaceus usually occurs 7-10 days after entering the pool during the high temperature season. Therefore, we refer to these days as the “risk period for raising jaundice,†and it is generally safer to maintain for 15 days. Therefore, we generally observe 15 days in the observation pool. During this period, any person who finds that there is no hole in the hole during the day, the hoe is motionless, climbs up to the surface of the grass and restless, tumbling in the pool, and the stomach is upwards, all of which must be sold out in time for timely listing. So as to avoid unnecessary losses. Found that the death of a cockroach must be promptly dealt with and Quanchiposa spilled over the whole pool.
52. Which methods are used to capture the jaundice for better conservation?
For the rearing of the astragalus, it is best to be able to ascertain its source. The current sources of the yellow crickets that are used for better conservation are: cage trapping, unarmed capture, electric capture, fishing and catching. Temporary support, otherwise there will be a danger of "annihilation". Drug-catching jaundice is generally weak and weak. It was found that such jaundice must not be purchased.
Section III Daily Management of Temporary Education of Astragalus and Fertilizer for Astragalus
53. What are the better breeding methods for raising jaundice?
There are three main ways of using the earthen pond, concrete pool (with soil and no soil), and cages for the conservation of the jaundice. The use of cages requires the construction of an appropriate observation pool for early observation and screening. After obstructing the disease, the observation pool can be aquacultured after it is put into the tank or cage according to its size.
54, how to determine the stocking density?
We had put about 20 pieces of 20-gram seedlings in a 10-m2 Dianchi Lake and have been breeding in the pond for up to two years. The bar has weighed 200-300 grams. The whole lake produces a total of 193 kilograms of Astragalus membranaceus. Rice produces nearly 20 kilograms. This is probably the highest cement density in the country currently. In the rearing process, due to the large amount of excretion, we not only used the constant flow of water, but also often spilled EM bacteria liquid to give it a barely maintained state. Of course, this is only an experiment. When aquaculture households are breeding, their output should be controlled within 8-10 kilograms per square meter. Farmers with good water conditions and high technical level should not exceed 12 kilograms per square meter, because ultra-high-density rearing conditions will cause rapid deterioration of water quality, and the enthusiasm of intertwining and bunching of yellow peony is common. If you don't do it well, you may have the potential to cause illness. Acquired astragalus for breeding, the general increase in the current year is 1-4 times. If we were to start breeding in April of that year, it would be advisable to put in less than 2 kilograms per square meter, and the later the start of breeding, the more the number of seedlings could be increased, but it is better not to exceed 5 kilograms. The stocking density of first-time raisers should be lower, so as to ensure the success of breeding.
55. Is it necessary to keep mud in the rearing pond?
Although the loach is lively and active, it can play a role in increasing the dissolved oxygen in the water and preventing the jaundice from intertwining and cleaning up the eel's feed. However, due to the fact that loaching is fast and food is sluggish and the crickets are slow to eat, we do not agree with raccoon polyculture in culture. The reasons are as follows:
1. Loach's rapid grazing will bring difficulties to the normal taming of Astragalus, causing unsuccessful tame food.
2, is not conducive to observing the eating situation of Astragalus, a large amount of loach food, a pool of polyculture 10-20% of the loach, if the pool of Astragalus due to feed uncomfortable mouth or enteritis and eat very little, the remaining feed can be pool The mud has swept away, making it impossible for us to discover the shortcomings of our feed in time or that the jaundice has become ill.
3, polyculture loach increased the possibility of aphid infection pests. The main body of the two kinds of fish is different in their internal parasites, and their polyculture increases the chance of mutual infection, so that the infection of both diseases and insect pests may increase.
56, how to better solve the yellow quail feed?
To solve the problem of yellow quail feed can be adapted to local conditions. For example, Zou Xuhong, a student of Dali in Yunnan Province, has a beef cattle slaughterhouse because of his uncle, so he can obtain a large amount of bovine lungs and other internal organs. Mr. Zou was mainly beef viscera, together with the right amount of fish feed, so that the breeding of nearly 1,000 kg of jaundice, spent only a few hundred yuan to buy feed. Mr. Xie of Beihai, Guangxi Province used the local rich and cheap oyster meat as the main ingredient to feed the yellow buckwheat, and also controlled the growth cost of the radix scutellariae to below 3 yuan. Mr. He from Hunan's Yiyang City uses the rich characteristics of the local small scent fish to feed the yellow scorpion mainly for small scads, and the feed cost is also relatively low. Solving the problem of jaundice feed should also vary from person to person. Mr. Xin of Binyang, Guangxi, has just entered the community and has no money to purchase feed. He therefore relied on pulling pig manure and chicken manure from the nearby farms, and fermented the bagasse fermentation to vigorously develop the breeding of praying mantis and fly pupae, almost totally relying on cultivation. The activity feed raised yellow buckwheat. It sold more than 1,300 kilograms of large-sized jaundice last year and earned more than 40,000 yuan, but it did not spend a penny to purchase feed.
57. What are the advantages of using compound feed to raise cockroaches?
As early as 1998, Zhenjiang Feed Co., Ltd. of Jiangsu Province began to develop and produce special compound feed for yellow buckwheat. At present, there are many feed mills in the country that have joined the ranks of production of yellow quail feed. The use of compound feed has the following advantages: 1 Feed is guaranteed, easy to store, once purchased, gradually used, is an important prerequisite for large-scale breeding of jaundice. 2Comprehensive nutrient composition, rapid growth of astragalus, high feed conversion rate. 3 Convenient to mix and control drugs and pests. 4 convenient processing and feeding. 5 can avoid the disease from the feed into the pond. 6 not easy to pollute pool water.
58. Can ordinary fish feed be used to feed jaundice?
Since there are too few manufacturers of special feed for baicalin, it is not easy for the farmers to buy directly, and because of the long distance, even if they buy, they must bear high transportation costs, virtually increasing the cost of breeding. Coupled with the current price of special feed for yellow oysters is high, nearly 8,000 yuan per ton. Buying special feeds for market cultivation of Astragalus on the market at present, the cost of breeding Astragalus membranaceus can reach 8-10 yuan. Even in Jiangsu Province, where the price of Huanghua is relatively high, farmers are hard to accept. As a result, there is currently very limited sales of special feed for the Chinese eel. With small sales, the price of yellow wolfberry can't be cheaper. In the process of breeding and training our students, we have been looking for a feed solution that is both convenient and can make feed costs low. After repeated trials, we found that many feeds in common fish feed can be used to feed scutellaria baicalensis, such as squid, river cake, black mullet, squid, frog, tilapia, etc., as long as the animal protein content is high. For fish feeds with protein levels above 35%, almost all can be used to raise jaundice.
59. What are the advantages of using Astragalus concentrates?
Although ordinary fish feed can be used for feeding jaundice, its feed conversion rate is still not ideal. Generally use squid feed plus quail feeding, need 3-4 pounds of feed to increase the weight of 1 pound of jaundice, use squid, river group feed, also need 2-3 pounds to make jaundice weight gain 1 jin, per jin of jaundice Feed costs between 6-8 yuan. After consulting experts on animal nutrition, it was found that the fundamental reason for the impact on feed conversion rate was that the requirement of amino acids and other nutrients in Astragalus was much higher than other common fish. In order to enable the feed level to meet the growth needs of Astragalus on the basis of ordinary fish feed, we have successfully trial-produced a special concentrated feed for Astragalus, which will be put into mass production at the end of 2003 after repeated comparison tests. The use of the concentrate can generally control the feed cost of Astragalus membranaceus within 4 yuan, and the Astragalus membranaceus eats fast and is not prone to enteritis. The parasites such as the common spinehead bugs in the intestine are also gone, and the food intake and growth rate are lower than There was a significant increase before using the concentrate.
60, how to process astragalus feed?
For a single use of cockroaches, fly pupae, small trash fish, animal viscera, etc. feeding the eel, the feed is directly fed without processing. For larger wild fish and animal internal organs, it is only necessary to first freeze in a refrigerator or freezer to sterilize under low temperature, then chop and feed it. For scale feeders, the use of batch materials for the cultivation of jaundice must be reprocessed, otherwise jaundice will not eat. First, the fish feed that was bought back was crushed (the finer the better), the appropriate amount of fish feed was weighed according to the amount of food consumed by the scutellaria baicalensis, the scutellaria concentrate was added at a proportion of 1%, and the wheat was blended at a ratio of 5-10%. Flour, pouring a proper amount of water (usually 1 kg of material plus 300-400 ml of water, the specific amount of water added according to the different types of feed and the difference, the proportion of its own water to try to grasp). Add wolfberry, fully mix on the machine, use a meat grinder (using a 3-4 mm die hole) to twist it into a thin strip (such as 蚯蚓) of the soft strip feed, slightly dry for a while (due to the higher temperature when just processed out , The stickiness is heavier. It can avoid sticking to each other when it is a little dry.) Turn it gently by hand to make the longer strips naturally disconnected, and then feed it by the pool. Better processed feeds should be kept within two hours after launching. If the strip shape is not ideal, it may be that the amount of water is not mastered or that there is no added astragalus concentrate. Because the material contains a special binder, it is very helpful for the smooth formation of the feed and long-term entry of water. Soft pellets should be used now and should not be stored for a long time.
61, how to grasp the proportion of wolfberry in feed?
According to the experiment, 3% of dry cockroach or lotus root meal was added to the compound feed. The feed rate of the yellow cockroach was more than 1 time faster than the addition of 2%, and the control group was added with 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% and 8%. There is almost no difference in the speed of feeding. It shows that the addition of no less than 3% of dry cockroaches in the feed for the yellow cockroach has quite a "temptation" for the cockroach. Since the water content of living organisms is about 80%, and the moisture content of air dried plants is about 8%, 1 kg of dried plants is equivalent to 4.6 kg of fresh oysters. When processing 100 kg of dry feed, we should not lower it. In 13.8 kilograms of fresh oysters. Although the acclimatized Astragalus membranaceus can feed on non-germinated batches, its feed intake and feed rate are significantly different from feeds fed with a sufficient amount of earthworms. Therefore, in our usual ingredients, 1 kilogram of dry material is best to add fresh squid not less than 150 grams. During the initial period of food intake and domestication, the amount of earthworms added should also be increased.
62, feed processing machinery how to choose?
In Huangqi’s feed processing machinery, meat grinders and small pasta machines are the most commonly used, both manually and electrically. For small-scale family rearing, at least one manual meat grinder (with 3-4 mm holes, approximately 100 yuan) should be equipped. For larger farmers, it should be equipped with an electric meat grinder, generally with 3-4 mm hole, with 1.1-1.5 kilowatts of motor, each about 500-800 yuan. For a large-scale breeding farm, a small household crusher should also be equipped to crush fish feed. There are a variety of hammers, such as hammer-type, claw-type, roller-type, drop-type, and so on, in order to use the claw-type grinder is the best. For small-scale rearing (within 50 kg) or requiring a small amount of jaundice to be administered to the drug, the amount of wheat flour added can be increased to 20-30%, and the wet material can be kneaded by hand into a dough with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. Then use a knife to cut it to a length of about 3-5 cm, such as the thickness of the chopsticks, the soft strips, a little cool and dry to feed.
63, how to control the intake of Astragalus?
Astragalus generally consumes 1% to 1% of its own body weight and 0.5-2% on a dry basis. Because our astragalus concentrate feed contains specific attractant, it has the effect of promoting the secretion of digestive juice. The small amount of digestive juice secreted by Astragalus membranaceus is an important reason for the unhappy growth. Therefore, after using the Astragalus enriched feed we developed, the food intake will increase significantly and the growth rate will increase accordingly. However, due to the habit of gluttony, the maximum limit of our diet should be controlled within 10% of its weight (fresh material or wet material weight), and initial feeding should be gradually added from small to large. When the general water temperature is above 25°C, we use the wet weight 1% or the dry material weight 0.5% as the starting point for the initial feeding. Observe the eating and drinking situation and then increase or decrease it. When the water temperature is lower than 25°C, the initial charge should be halved from the previous standard.
64. Does raising a pond need frequent water changes?
Compared with raising other fish, the amount of water used for aquaculture is relatively small. The frequency of water exchange is closely related to the culture density. In general, when the amount of cultured fish is less than 2 kg per square meter, even if it is in the summer, there is no problem if the water is not changed in one week. The specific water change should be determined according to the water quality in the pool. In the sun, if the pool water is tender green, it is suitable water quality. If the pool water is dark green, you should consider changing the water. In general, one third of the pool water can be changed each time. If the pool is black, smell it with your hands, smell something, change the water immediately, and change the amount of water to at least half. In general, the rearing pond is changed for about 3 days in the summer, while the low temperature in the late spring and late autumn can be changed once a week for water in the first week, and the water can be changed in the second half of the month when the winter and spring jaundice are in hibernation. Depending on the water quality, it is flexible.
65. Do the dirt in the rearing pond need to be cleaned regularly?
Astragalus eats a lot of feed and excretes a lot of excrement. Therefore, as long as we pull apart the aquatic plants that live in the yellow pelican, we will find that there are a lot of black dirt underneath and it seems very dirty. In fact, these contaminants have been accumulated over time, and harmful substances such as ammonia discharged during decomposition have been absorbed by aquatic plants and will not harm the jaundice. Therefore, in order to give Acer a quiet habitat and to reduce labor intensity, it is absolutely impossible to clean up during a breeding season. However, in order to accelerate the decomposition of the manure and ensure good water quality, it is necessary for every three days during the feeding season. About EM liquid bacteria mixed with water sprinkled Quanchiposa.
66. Does the moss, duckweed, etc. in the breeding pond need to be removed?
A lot of mosses and duckweeds tend to grow in the aquaculture ponds, affecting the activity and breathing of the jaundice and should be removed. In particular, the growth of moss near the food table of Astragalus will affect the feeding of Astragalus, so it should be removed manually. Some weeds often grow in the earthen ponds, and some weeds form fine grass nets that affect the activities of the jaundice and should be removed promptly. Under sunlight exposure, some water surfaces appear to be “water skinsâ€, and observations have not hindered the cultivation of the yellow cockroaches. However, they are inconvenient for observing the food and activities of the cockroach, and should therefore be removed.
67, how to manage the water temperature in the culture pond?
In order to ensure that the water temperature is within the appropriate temperature range of the Astragalus, it is necessary to select a representative culture pond and place a thermometer in the pond, and pay attention to observe it, especially when it is too hot or too cold, pay more attention to avoid water temperature. Discomfort caused jaundice and even death. In the summer high temperature season, if we find that the water temperature is close to or exceeds 30°C, we should immediately add new water and deepen the pool water. At the same time, in order to control the temperature and water temperature in the water grass, shade nets can be used to cover the plants (generally not necessary (frame) or use other shading measures. In late spring and late autumn, the water temperature is low, which is not conducive to a large number of foods. The coverage of aquatic weeds can be appropriately reduced, and the feeding time of Astragalus can be gradually advanced to increase the feed intake of Astragalus membranaceus. In the low temperature season in winter, it is possible to adopt a method of partially covering the plastic film on the aquatic grasses of the breeding ponds. On the one hand, preventing the plants from being frozen to death, it is also beneficial to increasing the pool temperature. Pool water should be as deep as possible. In areas where there is no ice or only thin ice in the winter, winter can be directly overwintered in the earthless pool. In areas that are prone to icy or freezing in winter, it should be considered that the soil is overwintering or indoor heating is used for wintering.
68. Why should I constantly visit the breeding pond?
Farmers should at least try swimming pools once in the morning, in the evening and once in the evening. If conditions permit, they should often patrol the pool. Some engaged in large-scale breeding of jaundice, should take time to inspect, do not think to give breeding staff to raise a hundred. The aquaculture industry is an industry that requires a strong sense of responsibility. Any carelessness can greatly reduce the effect of breeding and even lead to failure of breeding. Especially in rainy weather, we should strengthen inspections. To see if there is a blockage in the drainage pipe, see if the drainage channel is open, and see if there is a jaundice out of the pool... Through inspections, we can find problems in a timely manner and we can make improvements to avoid or reduce losses.
69, how to catch the yellow earthworm in the earthen pond?
In the yellow cricket's feeding season, when we deepen the pool water to 50 centimeters, we will find that almost all jaundice live in aquatic plants floating on the water surface. Therefore, to catch yellow earthworms in earthen ponds, we only need to remove the weeds from the pond first, and then pile up a haystack of about 1 square meter square in the pool. The next morning, we use a piece of gauze or screen net to make a dip net. Move it up until you get water out of the area, and then pull out the grass from the net. The jaundice is inside the net. Such repeated two or three days, almost all the jaundice in the pool. During the period of hibernation, some yellow crickets have fallen into the bottom of the pool, and some have even drilled into the mud. The effect of catching grasshoppers is not ideal. Therefore, if the yellow earthworm in the earthen pond is planned to be sold in the winter, it should be picked up before the food is stopped and temporarily kept in a concrete pond or a temporary pool with a colored strip cloth on the bottom of the pool.
Section IV Cage Culture
70. What are the advantages of raising cages in cages?
The use of cage culture of Astragalus has the following advantages: 1 The investment is small. In general, a net cage with an area of ​​10 square meters has a production cost of about 100 yuan, a one-time investment is small, and it can be used for about 3 years. 2 to facilitate the development of astragalus culture in fish ponds. Set up cages in fish ponds to raise fish and fish, and use the water effectively. As long as it is properly arranged, there is no obvious effect on fish farming in ponds. 3 scale can be large or small. Cage culture can vary depending on its own conditions. From one to several hundred or even more than one thousand, invest hundreds of dollars to millions of dollars. 4 easy operation and management. Because cages only need to transplant aquatic plants, the labor intensity is small, and the usual culture is mainly to feed feeds and prevent disease and escape. There are few management projects and it is simple and convenient. 5 water temperature is easy to control. The cages are placed in ponds and other waters. The body of water is relatively large. The temperature of the water does not rise rapidly in hot summer days, and it is even more difficult to reach a high temperature of 30°C or more. 6 High survival rate of culture. Due to the fresh water quality and stable water temperature, cage culture has a high survival rate.
71, how to make a cage?
The materials used for making cages are generally polyethylene mesh cloths (also known as screen cloths), and are generally sold at places where barbed wire and screen meshes are sold. Generally ranging from 2-6 yuan per square meter price. When purchasing, care should be taken to use a smaller mesh size (it is not appropriate to insert the tip of the yellow tip into the mesh). The mesh is even, and the nails are used to scrape the warp or weft. The thread is tight and does not shift. It is strongly pulled and rubbed. It feels very firm. The party can choose to use. The cages are generally made into rectangles or squares, and the bottom area is not more than 20 square meters. The depth of the box is 1.2-1.5 meters (usually the depth of water is 50 centimeters, and 70 centimeters on the surface of the water is the escape prevention part). Cut the mesh according to the size of the cage, use high-quality nylon thread, and sew it with a sewing machine or a sole machine. The upper edge of the cage is rolled around while sewing the pinky nylon rope in the little finger and leaving the rope head for binding to the bracket.
72. Which waters are suitable for setting up cages?
However, where there is no significant difference in water level, the water quality is good and there is no pollution, and it is not affected by floods and droughts. A water tank with a water depth of 1-2.5 meters can be considered for the establishment of cages, either static or microfluidic. In all types of waters, ponds are the most suitable, followed by stable river valleys, lakes and reservoirs.
73. How many cages should be placed in the pond?
The main factor limiting the number of cages set up in ponds is water quality. Under normal circumstances, the total area for the establishment of cages in still water ponds should not exceed 30% of the total pond area. For ponds with flowing water, the area of ​​cages can reach 50% of the total area of ​​ponds, but at the same time the following aspects should be Situation considering the increase or decrease of area: the pond water source is good, and the replacement water can be easily set up; the pond can not be cultured with fish or the density of fish can be set low; the ponds that breed low-oxygen-resistant fish (such as squid) can be set . On the contrary, the area for the establishment of cages should be appropriately controlled.
74. How is cage placement more reasonable?
In cage-scale breeding, two rows of cages are generally grouped together, with a certain distance between the group and the group. The two rows are made of wood or bamboo to form a “springboard†for feeding personnel and inspections. walk. The cages are divided into fixed cages and floating cages. Generally, ponds with water depths of less than 1.5 meters have little fluctuation in water level. Consider setting up fixed cages, that is, piling to the bottom of the pool and then tying some bamboo poles on the piles. Or wooden sticks to support the net body. Water depth of 1.5 meters or more, the water level fluctuations, may consider the establishment of floating cage, that is, with waste oil drums, tires, etc., the entire cage to support the surface of the water, and take the shore to pull the steel rope to fix. There are also separate cages, which are used to observe and feed materials.
75. What preparations are required before investing in a box?
The cages used to raise the turtles should be put into the pond ahead of time, which will help the algae grow and make the fabric smooth, so as to avoid scratching the body. A lot of transplanted grass into the box. The area of ​​aquatic plants should account for more than 80% of the water in the entire cage, and the plants should be arranged closely without any gaps. According to the volume of water in the tank, 1 ml of “Cangbao 1†and 0.5 ml of “Cangbao 2†should be splashed for every cubic meter of water, including the upper side of the water weed. It must be used to kill pests.
76. What is the density of cage culture?
In general, although cages were raised in Yangzhou, a high density record of 53 kilograms per square meter had been established in Hunan Province, the output plan of the first raisers was better controlled within 10 kilograms. In the meantime, we must fully consider the length of our deferral period, the possible increase in weight and other factors. If the period of eating growth during the holding period is long, it is appropriate to place 1-2 kilograms per square meter, and vice versa. If it is only winter storage, the density can be greater. After observing and screening in observation tanks, the Astragalus can be classified into boxes and numbered each cage. At the same time, a record is made of the input weight of each cage and the approximate number of tails. The calculation of the mantissa is: randomly weighing 1-3 kilograms, counting the number of the average mantissa per kilogram, and multiplying by the total weight of the same specification that is put into place. 77. How do you set the feeding hole in the cage?
A 1m2 square bamboo frame surrounded by bamboo pipes is placed inside the cage, or a wooden frame is nailed into the wooden frame to allow it to float into the water. When other water surfaces in the cage are densely covered with aquatic plants, a place in the frame is left uncovered so as to form a hole with a visible bottom in the tank. We call this the “feed holeâ€. Larger cages can have one more feed hole or even one at each corner. This "hole" is not only the feeding hole, but also the "observation hole" for us to observe the eating and activity of the yellow cricket. If the aquatic grass grows into the "hole", it should be cut off in time to ensure that the hole plays its due role.
78. How do cage cages prevent escape?
Cage rearing requires special care in preventing flight, and carelessness can cause loss of escape. 1 When processing cages, it is necessary to make sure that there are 2-3 sutures for the sewing of the mesh fabrics. There are ropes on the upper and lower edges when sewing the cages, and the bottom four corners should be particularly strong. 2 Check carefully before launching the cage to see if there is any hole or off line. 3 The wooden poles and bundled ropes of the fixed cage should be strong and firm to prevent the cage from being blown off by the wind to escape. 4 Fixed cages should pay attention to inspections when they add water to the pond or in case of heavy rain, so as to prevent escaping due to rising water levels. 5 boxes should be cut off in time when the water grass is too high. 6 When the wind is strong, note whether the cage is blown by the wind. 7 Kill rats in time to prevent them from biting the cage. 8 Prevent vandalism. 9 Because of the small holes in the larvae, a large number of algae plants will clog the mesh and make it difficult to exchange water inside and outside the tank. Therefore, the walls of the net should be brushed every other month or as appropriate, and at the same time, check the cage for holes.
79. How to deal with some contradictions when a fish coexist in one pond?
A cage is set up in the pond to raise maggots, and the large amount of excrement and residual bait discharged by the yellow peony will cause pollution to the pool water, resulting in a decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water. If the pond is easy to change water or there is an aerator, or if the density of the fish is not large, the impact is not significant. In fish ponds that do not have these conditions, fish that are resistant to hypoxia, such as salmon, will be a good solution to this contradiction.æ± å¡˜åŠ æ°´æ—¶ï¼Œæ°´ä½å‡é«˜ï¼Œè¦æ³¨æ„åŠ æ°´æ°´ä½ä»¥å›ºå®šå¼ç½‘ç®±ä¸ä¼šé€ƒé³ä¸ºå®œï¼Œæˆ–åŠæ—¶æé«˜ç½‘ç®±ï¼›æ± å¡˜æŽ’æ°´æ—¶ï¼Œæœ€å¤§é™åº¦æ˜¯ä¸èƒ½â€œåŠç®±â€ã€‚防治黄é³åŠé±¼çš„病虫害，施è¯æ—¶è¦å……分考虑两ç§é±¼ç±»çš„用è¯é™åº¦ï¼Œä»¥é˜²å‘生ä¸æµ‹ã€‚ 80ã€ç½‘箱养é³åœ¨å†¬å£å¦‚何管ç†ï¼Ÿ
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Sunson Bio-polishing Enzyme is specially developed for fabric and garment biopolishing.
Biopolishing is a kind of finishing process that use cellulase to improve the surface of cellulose fiber products and increase the smoothness and softness of the fabric. Biopolishing removes out the micro fiber from the yarn surface and the yarn will not pilling after micro fiber removing and the color of the yarn is more bright. Textiles treated with enzymes remove from surface hairiness and neps with much improved handle and flexibility.
Coenzyme DL10 is a liquid acid cellulase preparation.It is specially developed for fabric and garment biopolishing. It improves the handfeel and appearance of fabrics and permanently reduces the tendency of pilling. It is especially suitable for the finishing processes of cellulosic fabrics made of cotton, linen, viscose or lyocell.
Coenzyme DL A400 is high concentrated acid cellulase preparation.
Benefits:
Excellent bio-polishing effect
Clean and even fabric surface
Softer handfeel
Brighter colors
Environmental-friendly & bio-degradation
Enzyme preparations belong to protein, which may induce sensitization and cause allergic type reactions in sensitized individuals. Prolonged contact may cause minor irritation for skin, eyes or mucous membrane of nose, so any direct contiguity with human body should be avoided. If irritation or allergic response for skin or eyes develops, consult a doctor.
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Sunson Industry Group Co., Ltd , http://www.sunsonchinaenzymes.com