Kate apricot high quality cultivation technology
Kate's apricot was introduced from California in the United States in recent years. After trial planting and observation in Shaanxi, the variety has the following outstanding features:
First, the apricot results early, strong resistance. Kate apricot trees are moderately prosperous, with strong sprouting and branching forces, making flowering easy. Kate apricot is not strict with the soil, resistant to slim, salt and alkali resistance, low temperature, dampness, and strong adaptability.
Second, the high yield, Kate apricot after flowering into a very high yield, rapid establishment of planting seedlings in the year, good growth and development, autumn flowering rate of 100%, a large amount of flowers, flower buds full. In the second year, the strain rate was 100%, the average yield per plant was 3.5kg, the highest strain yield was 7.5kg, and the yield of 666.7 square meters was 366.3kg. Later, as the tree age increases, the canopy expands and the yield rises rapidly. In the third year, it produced 1,176 kilograms per mu, in the fourth year, it produced 2,919 kilograms, and in the fifth year, it produced 3,355 kilograms. The 3-4 years of age entered the full fruit period.
Third, a big fruit, Kate apricot fruit near the circle, shallow suture, fruit top more round, the average fruit weight 106 grams, the largest fruit weight 183 grams, orange peel, Yang surface flush, taste sweet and refreshing, taste alcohol positive , Concentrated aroma, superior quality; soluble solids 12.7%, sugar 10.9%, acid 0.9%, from the nucleus.
Fourth, early and efficient. Kate apricot special early apricot new varieties, before the wheat harvest (early June) listed, this year's market price of 5-6 yuan per kg market, supermarkets up to 80 yuan / kg, high economic efficiency. It is one of the new varieties with excellent comprehensive economic traits in China and has broad prospects for development.
In order to meet the needs of the large-scale promotion of cultivation, the production demonstration of Kate apricot and the supporting cultivation techniques for high-quality, high-yield crops are summarized as follows:
1. Planting and planting gardens generally choose sandy soil with deep soil and good drainage to avoid low-lying areas. Row spacing 1.5mx4m, north and south direction. Colonization hole length 1 meter x width 1 meter x depth 0.8 meter. Apply about 10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to each hole. When seedlings are planted, the seedlings are divided and planted in grades. Seedlings are placed in the hole. When the soil is 1/3, the seedlings are lifted upwards to allow the root system to fully stretch. Then, the soil is solid, and the soil is filled with water. Centimeters are set to dry, leaving 4-6 full shoots under the cut. The fast-growing seedlings planted before the winter must be cultivated to prevent cold at the time of winter, and the height of the soil should be 40-50 cm.
2. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management (1) Soil management will be carried out during the sapling period. Before sealing off the winter, take a planting hole as a center and deepen it every year or every other year. Turn over 60-80 cm deep to minimize scars, especially the roots of the roots, until all the soil between the plants has turned over. After the deep plowing, timely irrigation, in the aptly watered plots to be ridged, after ridging in the autumn, part of the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer is spread in the tree tray. The thickness of a buried soil is about 10 centimeters and the ridge width is 120 centimeters. It will be widened and heightened year by year, but its height should not exceed 25 cm. Finally, a shallow ditch with a depth of 15 cm and a width of 25 cm was formed in the ridge to facilitate drainage.
(2) Fertilization To make the Kate apricot result earlier, apply the base fertilizer before planting, and add the organic fertilizer (dung, straw, etc.) to the pit after mixing. During the growing season, the basal fertilizer must be deeply applied and fertilizer must be applied in a timely manner. Basal fertilizer is mainly manure, compost, and human fecal urine, and it can be mixed with available nitrogen fertilizer. The amount used is generally: the fruit of the fruit tree during the fruit period is 50kg/plant, and the base fertilizer is added with 0.8~1kg of ferrous sulfate during iron deficiency. The best fall season for composting is generally applied when deep-falling in late September. Fertilizer can quickly exert the fertilizer effect and meet the requirements of nutrients for growth and development in time. 1. Before sprouting, use 15kg/666.7 square meters of urea, 45kg/66.7 square meters of N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer, and apply sulcus or furrow. 2.Spray a 0.3% potassium sulfate mixture before and 2 weeks after flowering to promote fruit cell division. Spraying 0.2% boric acid or 0.3% borax during flowering favors fruit set and boron deficiency. 3. The hard-core period, the mid-to-late-May period of the new shoots, and the flower bud differentiation period are the critical period for fertilizer requirements for Kate apricots. The result tree topdressing urea 100 ~ 250kg / strain, ring applicator or gutter applied. 4. Fruits are topdressed after harvest and harvested in early June in Taian Kate. At this time, the flower bud differentiation has not yet ended, the growth of new shoots has stopped, and nitrogen-based compound fertilizer has been applied. As a result, NPK, K, K compound fertilizer or 0.5kg/strain or 2kg cake fertilizer has been applied.
(3) Irrigation 1. The spring season before spring budding is a spring drought in the north. After the fertilization, a large amount of water is poured, and after the irrigation, the water is scratched or covered with a plastic film in order to facilitate the protection of the earthworm.
2. To minimize watering during flowering, when it is very dry, apply a small amount of water to drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. 3. The rapid expansion of fruit in the hard-core period must ensure adequate water supply, maintain cell fluid concentration, and prevent cracking. 4. In the fall, the apple orchard is combined with fertilization to permeate water. 5. In the cold winter, filling a large water before closing winter has a positive effect on the cold and drought resistance of Kate apricot.
3. Flower and fruit management Ketter apricot self-pollination fruit set rate is high, in order to produce a large, high-quality high-grade fruit, while ensuring that the next year, there are enough flower buds need fruit thinning. 15 to 20 days after flowering (after fruit setting and before hard nucleus stage), remove small fruit, malformed fruit, disease and fruit in time. Generally, a short branch leaves one fruit, a middle branch leaves 2 to 3, and a long branch leaves 4 to 5 (about 5 centimeters apart). The output of 666.7 square meters is controlled at about 3000kg, and it is impossible to blindly pursue high output and affect the quality of Kate's apricot products.
4. Pruning (1) Kate apricot tree branch stands erect, mainly using multi-branch sticks happy tree.
(2) Pruning Kate apricot tree sapling during young tree growth period, branches upright, pruning during this period to the main cut, in order to promote branch expansion of the crown. Pay attention to open the main branch angle, select and maintain the main lateral branch, as much as possible to stay ancillary branches, in order to accumulate nutrients in advance, early results, when the winter cut, the central branch of the main branch to carry out a short cut, generally cut 50 cm. In the summer, topping shoots were stimulated to shoot 2 branches and the canopy was formed early.
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