Two main modes of tilapia farming
2020-11-03 14:19:21
Tilapia (Tilapia) is a medium-sized and small-sized fish commonly known as African squid. It is a key freshwater cultured fish that is currently being researched and cultivated in the world's aquaculture industry and has been hailed as one of the major sources of animal proteins in the future. Tilapia is delicious in flesh and has a delicate flesh. Whether it is braised or cooked, tilapia is delicious. In addition to domestic sales of tilapia in China, it also exports a large number of European and American regions.
Tilapia usually lives in fresh water and can also live in salty water with different salt contents and can survive in shallow waters in lakes, rivers, and ponds. The tilapia has strong adaptability and reproduction, and has a wide range of dietary habits. Most of them are vegetative, highly bulimia, have a large food intake, grow rapidly, and have a strong adaptability to water with less dissolved oxygen. It is an excellent variety that is widely cultivated in the southern region.
At present, the tilapia culture in the southern part of the country is mainly based on three breeding modes: the combination of three-dimensional breeding of livestock and poultry fish with commercial feed, and the pure feeding of full-price commercial feed.
Model I. Three-dimensional breeding of livestock and fish combined with commercial feed (A) The main features of the breeding process: The early period of breeding depends mainly on the livestock manure. Fertilizer ponds are used for the cultivation of biological food in water. The biological feed is then fed by fish or directly to livestock manure. Feeding of fish; In the middle and later stages of the breeding period, additional commercial feeds are used to feed the fish so that the tilapia grows fattening and goes on the market in time to achieve the purpose of fish farming.
Its advantages are: comprehensive use of livestock manure, low input, more suitable for small water surface, small-scale family farming, is a way for mountain farmers to quickly get rid of poverty; but its disadvantages are: a long cycle of fish farming, generally 6-8 At month time, the size of commercial fish is inconsistent in size and low in economic efficiency, which is not conducive to large-scale, specialized, and high-quality breeding.
(B) The main approach: Tongtou need to be equipped with pig houses, chicken houses, duck houses, geese and other facilities, each pond should be equipped with 3-5 health pigs or ducks 100-200, or chicken 400-500 , Or 200-300 geese, manure Fei Fei Fei. Fish species are generally stocked in April-May, and the specifications should be more than 8 cm; stocking species should be purely monophyletic tilapia seedlings, and 1000-1200 tails of seedlings should be placed at a water depth of 1.5-2 meters per acre. At the same time with the big head of 100, white fish with 200 tails, 50 fish tail, 50 tail fish. In the early stage of cultivation, each piece of water shall be replaced with an appropriate amount of water, but each time shall not exceed one-third of the total amount of pond water; every month, 1 mu of water per mu shall be splashed with 15 liters of lime water and the whole pond shall be splashed once. Can be more spilled once, and appropriate increase in concentration; 3-5 acres of water configuration with a 1.5-kilowatt aerator, in the hot weather, fish floating head serious morning to use aerator, each should be more than 3-4 hours. After 3-4 months of pre-aquaculture, that is, in July-August, the tilapia tails all reached a weight of 250 g or more. At this time, they cannot continue to feed the livestock manure. When feeding, special tilapia compound feed coarse silkworm white is required to be 28-30%, the daily feeding amount is 2-3% of the total amount of fish, and the daily vote is divided into two times, morning and evening, and early morning investment is 40%. 60% of the vote, can also be used expanded feed test, put into the pond in 30 minutes or so by the fish feeding finished degree; after 3 months of feed feeding stage, tilapia weighing more than 500g per tail, consider dry Tang listed .
(III) Analysis of the target yield and economic efficiency: The entire breeding cycle takes about 7 months, ie, in November of a year, tilapia production per mu is 500-600 kg, and fish production is 400 kg. The total yield of mu is about 900. - 1,000 kg, the output value of 5400-6000 yuan, the feed coefficient of 1.2-1.5, the cost of 3500-4000 yuan, between 1900-2000 yuan per mu, gross profit of 1,500 yuan.
Mode 2 simply feeds full-price commodity feeds (I) The main features of the aquaculture process: Fish farmers can effectively control the growth rate of fish by adjusting the amount of feed and feed nutrients according to market changes, which is a high investment. High-yield, high-density fish farming methods are also the main mode of large-scale, specialized, standardized and high-quality culture. It applies to a high degree of specialization, funding and technical protection, used in the case of higher fish prices, can achieve the purpose of high yield and high efficiency, in line with export standards, is a widely promoted health production model. The key to this mode of fish farming is “three thingsâ€: one is to ensure that the water quality is fresh; the other is to have enough oxygen-enhancing equipment; and the third is scientific feeding and scientific ingredients.
(2) Main approach: The fishpond has sufficient water resources and no pollution. The water surface of each pond needs to be between 10-20 mu, the average water depth is 1.8-2.5 meters, and a 1.5-kilowatt aerator is provided for 3 mu of water; In May, the fry will be put in. The specification of the fry is required to be 80-100g. Each year, 1800-2500 pure tilapia fingerlings will be placed on the surface of the water, with more than 12 kg of large heads and 100 tails. In the early stage of breeding, special tilapia feed of about 32% of white silkworm was fed, and the daily feed amount was 5% of the total amount of fish. The fish was fed three times a day, 30% in the morning, 30% in the noon, and 40% in the evening. Feeding; After 2 months of feeding, when the fish basically grows to 300g, it enters the middle and late stage of breeding management. This stage feeds 28-30% of the special tilapia feed for coarse silkworm white, accounting for the daily feeding amount. The total amount of fish is 2-3%. Daily and early in the evening, feed 40% early and 60% late. During the cultivation period, the pond water should be changed from 1/3 to 1/2 every 15 days. Every 15 days, the water level of 1 meter per acre should be splashed with 15-20 lime water and the whole pond should be splashed once. Once in the later period of aquaculture, aerators should be activated in time according to the prevailing climatic conditions, guaranteeing 3-4 hours each time.
(III) Analysis of the target yield and economic efficiency: The whole process of breeding takes about 4 months, and it can be generally cultivated in two batches a year. Each batch of tilapia can produce 900 - 1250 kg of tilapia and 300 kg of fish. Up to 1200 -1550 kilograms, the total output value of 7200-9300 yuan, the feed coefficient of 1.1-1.2, the cost of 4500-6000 yuan, between 2700-3300 yuan per mu gross profit, net profit of 2300-2900 yuan. According to the market demand and the processing plant's requirements and value positioning for big fish, farmers can also extend the breeding cycle according to the situation and raise the fish to more than 750g per tail before they can be used for better income.
Tilapia usually lives in fresh water and can also live in salty water with different salt contents and can survive in shallow waters in lakes, rivers, and ponds. The tilapia has strong adaptability and reproduction, and has a wide range of dietary habits. Most of them are vegetative, highly bulimia, have a large food intake, grow rapidly, and have a strong adaptability to water with less dissolved oxygen. It is an excellent variety that is widely cultivated in the southern region.
At present, the tilapia culture in the southern part of the country is mainly based on three breeding modes: the combination of three-dimensional breeding of livestock and poultry fish with commercial feed, and the pure feeding of full-price commercial feed.
Model I. Three-dimensional breeding of livestock and fish combined with commercial feed (A) The main features of the breeding process: The early period of breeding depends mainly on the livestock manure. Fertilizer ponds are used for the cultivation of biological food in water. The biological feed is then fed by fish or directly to livestock manure. Feeding of fish; In the middle and later stages of the breeding period, additional commercial feeds are used to feed the fish so that the tilapia grows fattening and goes on the market in time to achieve the purpose of fish farming.
Its advantages are: comprehensive use of livestock manure, low input, more suitable for small water surface, small-scale family farming, is a way for mountain farmers to quickly get rid of poverty; but its disadvantages are: a long cycle of fish farming, generally 6-8 At month time, the size of commercial fish is inconsistent in size and low in economic efficiency, which is not conducive to large-scale, specialized, and high-quality breeding.
(B) The main approach: Tongtou need to be equipped with pig houses, chicken houses, duck houses, geese and other facilities, each pond should be equipped with 3-5 health pigs or ducks 100-200, or chicken 400-500 , Or 200-300 geese, manure Fei Fei Fei. Fish species are generally stocked in April-May, and the specifications should be more than 8 cm; stocking species should be purely monophyletic tilapia seedlings, and 1000-1200 tails of seedlings should be placed at a water depth of 1.5-2 meters per acre. At the same time with the big head of 100, white fish with 200 tails, 50 fish tail, 50 tail fish. In the early stage of cultivation, each piece of water shall be replaced with an appropriate amount of water, but each time shall not exceed one-third of the total amount of pond water; every month, 1 mu of water per mu shall be splashed with 15 liters of lime water and the whole pond shall be splashed once. Can be more spilled once, and appropriate increase in concentration; 3-5 acres of water configuration with a 1.5-kilowatt aerator, in the hot weather, fish floating head serious morning to use aerator, each should be more than 3-4 hours. After 3-4 months of pre-aquaculture, that is, in July-August, the tilapia tails all reached a weight of 250 g or more. At this time, they cannot continue to feed the livestock manure. When feeding, special tilapia compound feed coarse silkworm white is required to be 28-30%, the daily feeding amount is 2-3% of the total amount of fish, and the daily vote is divided into two times, morning and evening, and early morning investment is 40%. 60% of the vote, can also be used expanded feed test, put into the pond in 30 minutes or so by the fish feeding finished degree; after 3 months of feed feeding stage, tilapia weighing more than 500g per tail, consider dry Tang listed .
(III) Analysis of the target yield and economic efficiency: The entire breeding cycle takes about 7 months, ie, in November of a year, tilapia production per mu is 500-600 kg, and fish production is 400 kg. The total yield of mu is about 900. - 1,000 kg, the output value of 5400-6000 yuan, the feed coefficient of 1.2-1.5, the cost of 3500-4000 yuan, between 1900-2000 yuan per mu, gross profit of 1,500 yuan.
Mode 2 simply feeds full-price commodity feeds (I) The main features of the aquaculture process: Fish farmers can effectively control the growth rate of fish by adjusting the amount of feed and feed nutrients according to market changes, which is a high investment. High-yield, high-density fish farming methods are also the main mode of large-scale, specialized, standardized and high-quality culture. It applies to a high degree of specialization, funding and technical protection, used in the case of higher fish prices, can achieve the purpose of high yield and high efficiency, in line with export standards, is a widely promoted health production model. The key to this mode of fish farming is “three thingsâ€: one is to ensure that the water quality is fresh; the other is to have enough oxygen-enhancing equipment; and the third is scientific feeding and scientific ingredients.
(2) Main approach: The fishpond has sufficient water resources and no pollution. The water surface of each pond needs to be between 10-20 mu, the average water depth is 1.8-2.5 meters, and a 1.5-kilowatt aerator is provided for 3 mu of water; In May, the fry will be put in. The specification of the fry is required to be 80-100g. Each year, 1800-2500 pure tilapia fingerlings will be placed on the surface of the water, with more than 12 kg of large heads and 100 tails. In the early stage of breeding, special tilapia feed of about 32% of white silkworm was fed, and the daily feed amount was 5% of the total amount of fish. The fish was fed three times a day, 30% in the morning, 30% in the noon, and 40% in the evening. Feeding; After 2 months of feeding, when the fish basically grows to 300g, it enters the middle and late stage of breeding management. This stage feeds 28-30% of the special tilapia feed for coarse silkworm white, accounting for the daily feeding amount. The total amount of fish is 2-3%. Daily and early in the evening, feed 40% early and 60% late. During the cultivation period, the pond water should be changed from 1/3 to 1/2 every 15 days. Every 15 days, the water level of 1 meter per acre should be splashed with 15-20 lime water and the whole pond should be splashed once. Once in the later period of aquaculture, aerators should be activated in time according to the prevailing climatic conditions, guaranteeing 3-4 hours each time.
(III) Analysis of the target yield and economic efficiency: The whole process of breeding takes about 4 months, and it can be generally cultivated in two batches a year. Each batch of tilapia can produce 900 - 1250 kg of tilapia and 300 kg of fish. Up to 1200 -1550 kilograms, the total output value of 7200-9300 yuan, the feed coefficient of 1.1-1.2, the cost of 4500-6000 yuan, between 2700-3300 yuan per mu gross profit, net profit of 2300-2900 yuan. According to the market demand and the processing plant's requirements and value positioning for big fish, farmers can also extend the breeding cycle according to the situation and raise the fish to more than 750g per tail before they can be used for better income.
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