Introduction to the efficacy and role of Codonopsis
The efficacy and role of Codonopsis
1. Pharmacological effects related to efficacy and indications Codonopsis has the effect of replenishing vital energy, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the lungs. For spleen and lung weakness, shortness of breath, shortness of breath, eating less stool, deficiency of asthma, cough, internal heat and thirst. "Materia Medica from the New" records: "Buzhong Yiqi, and spleen and stomach, in addition to polydipsia. In the weak gas, used to adjust, very flat." (1) the impact on the digestive system to adjust the gastrointestinal motility function Codonopsis tonic Zhongyiqi's essential medicine can correct the gastrointestinal motor dysfunction in pathological state. Using the method of chronically implanting gastric electrodes, it was observed that the ginseng decoction alcohol-sinking liquid has a regulating effect on the basic electrical rhythm disorder of the stomach in rats under stress, and can partially increase the gastric movement caused by stress and accelerate the gastric emptying. Intravenous injection of Codonopsis pilosula inhibited gastric peristalsis in normal rats or gastric peristalsis enhanced by neostigmine, which showed a decrease in the amplitude of peristaltic waves and a decrease in frequency. Dangshen decoction can improve intestinal dysfunction after III degree burn in mice, and significantly improve the intestinal propulsion rate. Dangshen solution has two effects on inhibition and excitability of isolated guinea pig ileum, which can increase ileal tension or decrease first, increase frequency, and maintain a long time. It can obviously antagonize acetylcholine and 5-HT-induced ileal contraction. effect. Anti-ulcer effect of Codonopsis pilosula L. ginseng decoction alcohol solution has preventive and therapeutic effects on stress-type, pyloric ligation, indomethacin or aspirin-induced experimental gastric ulcer. According to the experimental comparison, the alcoholic neutral extract of Codonopsis pilosula has good curative effect on stress ulcer, the ulcer inhibition rate can reach 98%, the water extract is 72.9%, and the petroleum ether extract has poor effect. The water-soluble part VII extract of Dangshen can resist gastric mucosal damage and gastric ulcer caused by absolute ethanol, strong acid (0.6 NHCI) and strong alkali (0.2 N NaOH). Dangshen has an inhibitory effect on basal gastric acid secretion in rats, which can reduce the activity of pepsin and counteract the increase of gastric acid caused by aspirin. The anti-inflammatory pain and aspirin-induced gastric mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and aminohexose content are also decreased. Inhibition. Anti-ulcer mechanism of Dangshen: 1 inhibit gastric acid secretion, reduce gastric acidity; 2 promote gastric mucus secretion, enhance gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier; 3 increase the protective effect of endogenous prostaglandin (PGEZ) on gastric mucosa. (2) Enhance the body's immune function Codonopsis extract can enhance the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages to engulf chicken red blood cells. Mouse peritoneal, intramuscular, intravenous injection of Codonopsis pilosula can increase the number of peritoneal macrophages in mice, increase cell volume, increase pseudopod, and increase nucleic acid, carbohydrate, ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, etc. Enzyme activity is enhanced to enhance its phagocytosis. The low concentration of Dangshen decoction can promote the mitosis of lymphocytes in vitro and promote the DNA synthesis of mouse spleen lymphocytes activated by COnA. Codonopsis pilosula has no obvious effect on the humoral immune function of normal mice, but the immunosuppressive mice induced by cyclophosphamide can significantly promote the transformation of lymphocytes, enhance the function of antibody-producing cells, and increase antibody titer. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide is the main active ingredient. (3) Enhancing hematopoietic function Rabbits injected subcutaneous injection of Codonopsis pilosula extract with alcohol extract or feeding Codonopsis pilosula powder can increase the number of red blood cells and decrease the number of white blood cells, and the oral administration is more effective than subcutaneous injection. The subcutaneous injection of Dangshen decoction in rabbits can also significantly increase the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin. The efficacy of the spleen was significantly reduced after excision of the spleen, indicating that Codonopsis has an effect on the spleen to promote erythropoiesis. The administration of Codonopsis pilosula to mice also significantly increased the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin, and had no significant effect on the number of reticulocytes and the number of lymphocytes. (4) Anti-stress effect Codonopsis can improve the body's resistance to harmful stimuli. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide can grow the swimming time of mice, enhance the ability of high temperature tolerance, and enhance the tolerance of hypoxic mice to hypoxia. Dangshen decoction has anti-low temperature effect. The intragastric administration of Dangshen has a protective effect on γ-ray irradiation mice and can improve its survival rate. The anti-stress mechanism of Codonopsis pilosula is mainly related to the function of the pituitary-adrenal axis. (5) The influence on the cardiovascular system is strong, and anti-shock Codonopsis has the effect of enhancing myocardial contractility, increasing cardiac output, and resisting shock. Intravenous injection of an extract from Codonopsis pilosula can significantly increase cardiac output without affecting heart rate. Intravenous injection of Codonopsis injection into rabbits with advanced hemorrhagic shock can increase arterial pressure and prolong the survival time of animals. Dangshenye has the effect of enhancing left ventricular function in patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis type coronary heart disease. In patients with coronary heart disease, oral administration of Codonopsis pilosula can significantly increase left ventricular systolic function and increase cardiac output, which has no effect on heart rate. Dangshen can significantly increase the content of myocardial glycogen, succinate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in mice, and has the effects of anti-normal hypoxia, tissue cell hypoxia, microcirculation and hypoxia. Adjusting blood pressure Codonopsis extract, alcohol extract, and water extract can significantly reduce the blood pressure of anesthesia and rabbits. Intravenous injection of Codonopsis pilosula into anesthetized dogs and rabbits can cause a transient decrease in blood pressure, but repeated administration does not produce rapid tolerance. The antihypertensive effect of Codonopsis pilosula is mainly due to the expansion of peripheral blood vessels. Codonopsis can also increase the arterial blood pressure of rabbits with advanced hemorrhagic shock, so it has a two-way regulation of blood pressure. Intravenous injection of anti-myocardial ischemia Codonopsis injection can prevent acute myocardial ischemia in rats from the posterior pituitary index. Dangshen water extract alcoholic administration or intraperitoneal injection of Codonopsis injection also has protective effect on myocardial ischemia caused by isoproterenol. Ligation of canine heart coronary artery left anterior descending artery caused acute myocardial ischemia, Dangshen decoction alcohol solution can significantly reduce the absolute value of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increase in myocardial ischemia. It is suggested that Codonopsis pilosula can improve myocardial diastolic function, increase myocardial compliance, reduce coronary perfusion resistance, and facilitate blood supply to left ventricular myocardium, thereby improving myocardial ischemia. (6) Improve blood rheology Codonopsis can inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rabbits. Intravenous injection of Codonopsis pilosula in rabbits can significantly reduce whole blood specific viscosity and plasma specificity, and inhibit thrombosis in vitro and in vivo. It can also reduce the content of low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride and cholesterol in serum of hyperlipidemia rabbits. Dangshen water extract alcohol solution can reduce the whole blood viscosity of rats; ether extract can increase the activity of rat fibrinolytic enzyme, significantly reduce the platelet aggregation rate and plasma thromboxane TXB2 level. Total saponins can significantly reduce the TXB2 content without affecting the synthesis of prostacyclin PGI2, and the alkaloid action is opposite to its total saponin, which is not conducive to the role of Dangshen Yiqi and blood circulation. 2. Other pharmacological effects (1) Puzzle effect Codonopsis can enhance and improve the learning and memory ability of mice. The n-butanol extract of ethanol extract of Codonopsis pilosula can antagonize the memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine, improve the memory consolidation disorder caused by sodium nitrite and the memory loss defect of mice induced by 40% ethanol. This extract does not affect the synthesis of acetylcholine and may be involved in enhancing the binding of acetylcholine to the M-receptor. Dangshen total base can counteract the decrease of acetylcholine content and choline acetylase activity in mouse brain caused by scopolamine. The double-blind method of observing the normal subjects of different ages can improve the learning and memory ability after taking the Dangshen decoction, and can improve the learning and memory ability of the left and right hemispheres of the normal subjects. (2) sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant effect of the ginseng fat-soluble and water-soluble saponin administered through the ventricles, can cause high-amplitude slow-wave changes in the electroencephalogram of awake rabbits, and only the fat-soluble part of intravenous administration This effect. The intra-abdominal injection of Dangshen injection, water extract and methanol extract significantly reduced the spontaneous activity of mice. Intraperitoneal injection of Dangshen injection can significantly prolong the time of anesthesia in mice, increase the number of sleeping mice caused by the hypnotic dose of sodium pentobarbital, and prolong the sleep time of mice induced by sodium pentobarbital. Dangsin saponins can also significantly prolong the sleep time of mice caused by cyclohexabarbital. Intraperitoneal injection of Dangshen injection can significantly prolong the latency of convulsions in mice induced by strychnine and pentaerythritol. In summary, the pharmacological effects associated with the spleen and qi and spleen effects of the ginseng supplement are to adjust the gastrointestinal motility and anti-ulcer. Enhance the body's immune function, enhance hematopoietic function, anti-stress, cardiotonic, anti-shock, regulate blood pressure, anti-myocardial ischemia and inhibit platelet aggregation. Dangshen also has the functions of puzzle, calmness, hypnosis and anti-convulsion.
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