Talking about the production and use of silage
As the income of urban and rural residents continues to increase, the dietary structure of the broad masses of the people has been adjusted. The meat foods of herbivores, such as cattle and sheep, have been favored by people and have promoted the continuous development of grassland ecological livestock husbandry, but overgrazing has caused ecological environment to suffer. To varying degrees of destruction, grasslands (grasslands) are constantly desertification and stony desertification, and limited grasslands (grasslands) cannot meet the need to vigorously develop grassland ecological livestock husbandry. To this end, efforts are made to promote crop silage silage technology, and the storage of a large amount of silage is one of the effective ways to solve overwinter forage grasses such as cattle and sheep. In combination with work practices, the author discusses some experiences in silage production and use methods for reference.
First, the construction of silo
1. Pool selection. Select high dryness, low groundwater level, easy drainage, hard soil, near the barn, north-south direction.
2. The shape and type of the pool. Sinks are preferably rectangular and can be built into permanent pools on the ground.
3. Volume. Generally about 5 meters 3 (1.5 meters 2.4 meters 1.4 meters) or so.
4. Construction standards. 1 The width of the silo is narrow and narrow, with an inclination of 1 meter per 1 meter and a tilt of 5 to 7 centimeters. Four walls, the bottom of the pot shape for the bottom, the wall thickness of 20 cm, the corner made of arc. The main body of the 2 pools uses No.75 cement mortar block stone, and horizontal or vertical mortar joints are required to be full and compact. 3 The bottom of the pool is made of 75 cement mortar stones (thickness 10 cm).
Second, silage production
1. Raw material selection. Silage raw materials mainly include crops, pastures, and weeds.
2. Technical standards. 1 The silage material should be harvested on the same day, no soil, no mildew, no pollution, and the higher the ratio of leaves to stem, the better. When the spike silage of the crop is harvested, it should be harvested at the late stage of milk ripening or wax ripening. 2 moisture content. Requirements straw moisture content of 60% to 67%, chopped hand tight, hands feel wet but not dripping, it shows moderate water content, too wet, we must harvest straw after drying for a day or two or with some dry material, If it is too dry, apply proper amount of water to humidify it. 3 knead and chop short. In order to facilitate loading, compaction, and access, it is also helpful to exclude air. Silage materials should be cut into small pieces of 1 to 1.5 centimeters and kneaded into filaments.
3. Operating procedures and methods. 1 The chopping, filling and compaction of raw materials. When making silage, chopped, side-filled, and side-compacted. When filling, the cut raw materials are packed layer by layer and compacted layer by layer. Each layer is about 30 cm thick, and the bottom layer can be thicker. The pressure is pressed in real time with the method of manual stepping, do not leave gaps at the corners, and minimize the air retention between the raw materials. The raw material should be higher than the edge of the pool in order to prepare for sinking. The high volume is 15% to 20% of the pool depth. The entire pooling process is protected against rainwater. 2 pool seal. The top of the pooled raw material is finished in an arch shape, covered with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.08 to 0.12 mm, and the cover film is covered with wet soil on the membrane to discharge air under the membrane. The thickness of the soil is more than 20 cm. Other suitable weights can also be uniformly pressed onto the plastic film. Drains are provided around the pool. Check the top of the tank at any time after sealing, and press the soil in time and press it smooth when there is a sinking crack in the top soil. Keep the top of the pool slightly above the edge of the pool to prevent the inflow of rainwater. 3 Open the pool to take the material. The pool can be opened within 40 days after the closure of the pool. When taking the material from one end opening, up and down the vertical section, a section of cut. After each use, the material outlet is closed tightly. The outlet of the pool should be protected from the sun, rain, frost, and dirt. Silage should be used with the use of how much to take. 4 quality perception identification. The color of the silage is better as the color of the silage is closer to that of the raw material, and the quality is good as tea green or yellow-green, with a weak acid smell and wine flavor; the medium quality is yellowish-brown or dark green, with a stronger acetic acid taste; the quality is inferior Brown or black, more musty and sour, can not be used for feeding. The good silage pressed very tightly in the pond, but it was loosely taken out, soft and slightly moist, and the stems and leaves of the plants were clearly distinguished. Stems and leaves stick together or dry and hard are inferior products. 5 feeding use. The initial feeding amount should be from low to high, so that the livestock gradually adapt. Silage should be used in conjunction with other roughage and forage feeds such as grasses.
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