High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Wide-film Corn Intercropping Legumes

Wide-film corn intercropping soybeans (peas, broad beans) crops high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode is a new type of cultivation mode that the city explores and innovates on the basis of whole-film corn in recent years. It has the characteristics of water saving, production increase, high efficiency and low cost. After many years of trials and demonstrations, the average mixed yield reached 958.60 kilograms, including 765.80 kilograms of corn per mu and 192.80 kilograms of peas per mu, which is 358.60 kilograms higher than that of narrow-membrane corn and increased by 59.80%, which is 238.50 kilograms higher than that of full-film corn, increasing the yield by 33.10. %, net income increased by 143.40 yuan compared with narrow membranes, an increase of 95.40 yuan over the total membrane.

First, the advantages of a wide film corn field

1, warming and security. The use of a wide film covering the soil temperature in the 0-20 cm soil layer during seedling period can increase the average temperature by about 1.30°C. In addition, the effect of wide film coverage was good, and the average daily evaporation between trees decreased about 0.58 mm in the growing season, and the evaporation of the narrow film could be reduced by about 20.90 mm.

2, saving water and increasing production. Wide-film corn belts are used to ensure intercropping of corn. Their moisture is absorbed and utilized by interplanting legume crops, which reduces natural evaporation and allows the legume crops to grow normally without significant growth during the entire growth period. Affected by drought, according to the test, with the same yield, wide-film corn accounts for more than 128 kg of peas per acre of the total film corn. Therefore, the wide-film corn belt has significant water-saving and yield-increasing effects.

3, reduce costs. Compared with the full-film corn belt field, the wide-film corn belt field can save one-third of the cost of plastic film, interplanting bean crops, and does not water during the period of childbirth, thus reducing the water fee expenditure, thereby achieving the effect of high yield, high efficiency, and reduced production cost.

4, expand the scope of planting. Due to the effect of wide film coverage on warming, the growth period of maize is more than 10 days in advance, the upper limit of planting elevation is less than 1,800 meters, and it can be moved up to 2,000 meters, which will broaden the scope for plant structure adjustment and high grain yield in high altitude areas. .

5, use and support. Due to biological nitrogen fixation of leguminous crops, soil fertility can be improved, creating a good forehead for the next crop, and combining land use with land.

Second, the main cultivation techniques

1, site protection. Scientific fertilization. After harvesting, the former crops were cultivated in a timely manner, warmed and preserved, combined with 5000 kg of Mushi manure for shallow ploughing, 15 kg of pure nitrogen, and 15 kg of phosphorus pentoxide for a one-time application of basal fertilizer.

2, choose the good seed, sowing appropriate period. Peas were selected from early maturing, high-yielding species (Prairie 276 coniferous peas), broad bean selection Linshui No. 2 and No. 3, corn varieties above 1800 meters early maturing varieties "Wine List No. 2", "Wine List No. 3", " "Jinsui No. 1" is appropriate, and in the area below 1800 meters, middle-late-maturing varieties Zhongdan No. 2, Yuyu No. 22, and Shendan No. 10 are suitable. Generally used to broadcast beans, after the broadcast of corn. The peas should be sown when the local temperature stabilizes at 0-2°C. Three rows of seeders or artificial trenches are used to plant three rows of corn between the uncoated corn rows; and the broad bean artificially digs two rows. The maize is planted when the local temperature is stable at 6-8°C, with 3-4 rows per membrane point, 4000-5000 strains of seedlings per mu, medium-dwarf shoots, early maturing varieties, densely populated, 4 rows sowing, late-maturing varieties should be thin, and species 3 Row. There are two kinds of corn sowing methods: one is to coat the seeds first, seed 3-4 lines, artificial sowing, and then ditching and filming; the other is to sow the seeds after filming. Line spacing 40 cm, 2 per hole, sowing depth of 5-6 cm, after the broadcast with fine sand and wet soil seal membrane openings.

3, application of plastic film, remove weeds. Before the film is covered, the long rope shall be equidistantly 1.80 meters apart. In areas where the weeds are seriously damaged, 40% of the film is 100-150 grams. 50 kg of water is sprayed on the ground before the film is coated, followed by spraying with the film (note that the beans that are not covered with the film can not be sprayed to prevent injury). The mulching film is made of ordinary polyethylene film of 1.40 meters. The surface of the film is not less than 1.20 meters. The film distance is 0.60 meters. The soil belt is pressed every 1-2 meters on the film.

4. Strengthen field management and prevent pests and weeds. Pea seedlings are to be cultivated and weeded. Corn seedlings should be promptly planted and sealed. When 3-4 leaves are inoculated, the seedlings should be seedlings 1-2 times. The principle is to pull small and stay large, pull weak and retain strong; if lack of seedlings, timely make up seedlings, And do a good job to fight snoring, so as to avoid nutrient consumption. After harvesting, peas should be top-dressed with fertilizer in time, and 15-20 kg of Ammonium Nitrate be reclaimed from the peas. In the later period, depending on the rainfall condition, irrigation should be performed as appropriate.

5, promote premature, timely harvest. In the later stage of corn growth, cutting the tassels using the method of cutting males can promote vegetative growth, increase yield, and mature in advance. Late-maturing varieties before the onset of early frost, cutting down piles of poorly matured corn co-plants can promote corn ripening. The medium-early-maturing varieties will be timely harvested, air-dried, threshed, and carefully selected after entering the ripening period. After the corn is harvested, all the waste film in the field will be promptly removed and recycled to prevent soil contamination.

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