The Causes and Prevention of Malformed Mushrooms

Malformation mushrooms are various in their manifestations. The common ones in production are: "land mushroom", "hollow mushroom", "big butt mushroom" and "early mushroom". The main reason for the formation of “land mushroom” is that the overburden material is too thick, the soil is hard, the soil is thick, and the cover layer contains less water. The temperature and humidity conditions of the lower part and the base material are suitable for the occurrence and growth of the fruiting body, so it is easy to The lower layer of the material table or the cover soil differentiates to form a fruit body, and then the soil surface is drilled. Solution: Select high-quality humus soil, preferably using peat soil. Even if soil is borrowed from the general cultivated land and dig soil below 20 cm, it does not matter. A certain amount of mature cow dung or wheat bran and rice husk can be blended in proportion. Etc.; in the process of soil extraction, soil drying and treatment, should be sieved, so that most of the soil particles and wheat grain size, the largest corn kernel can have about 1/2, and accompanied by some soil powder; Thick, generally about 3 cm can be, conditions can be covered with a thick layer of 1-1.5 cm thick soil, after the cover of fine soil, and pay attention to it to maintain a uniform corresponding moisture content. The reason for the formation of "hollow mushroom" is that due to lack of water in the covering layer, or the base material has low water content, the normal growth of the mushroom body does not meet the water demand, which is the main reason for the occurrence of the hollow mushroom. In addition to solving the problem of water content in the overburden layer, the appropriate shelter wetness is an effective auxiliary measure. Generally, it can be controlled within the range of 85-90%, and it is unfavorable to go too high or too low. The reason for the formation of "Big Butter Mushroom" is that the temperature of the shed has suddenly risen and falls, the temperature difference is large, or it has been attacked by cold or hot air, the stipe growth of the vegetative cap is unbalanced, or the moisture content of the shed is too low, and the water content of the cover soil is appropriate. Big butt mushrooms can occur. In addition, certain chemical drugs can also cause the occurrence of this type of abnormal mushroom. The occurrence of "early-matured mushrooms" is mainly due to excessive density of mushroom buds and malnutrition, which causes premature aging and opening of umbrellas of young mushrooms. High temperature of sheds makes young mushrooms early; low humidity may also cause early maturation of mushroom bodies. In addition, certain drugs, oils, and gases such as diesel commonly used in rural areas, dichlorvos commonly used on edible fungi, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide produced by heating stoves, can also cause the occurrence of several other kinds of malformed mushrooms, and should be seriously Analyze the reason and prescribe the right medicine so as to avoid damage to the production.

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