Jiashi melon cultivation techniques

1. Environmental conditions 1.1 Selection of soil Muskmelon has a wide range of soil adaptation. Sandy loam, sandy soil, and clay can all be planted. Soil layers with good physical structure should be selected as far as possible. pH value should not be higher than 8. It is better to use wasteland and melons that have not been planted for many years. When ripe melons are grown, it is better to choose wheat, corn, soybeans and pasture as the forerunners. Continuous cropping is forbidden. 1.2 Disinfect the soil Before coating the soil, sprinkle 300 times of carbendazim or 500 times of dexamethasone on the sowing tape and place 2 pieces of carbofuran in the sowing hole after filming. 1.3 Temperature conditions Muskmelon is a thermophilic crop, and the temperature requirements of different stages of growth and development are also different. The minimum temperature for seed germination is 15°C, and the maximum temperature is 25-35°C. When the seeds are full, there is sufficient water, and germination begins after 24 hours. After sowing can not be in the long-term low temperature and high temperature of the soil, otherwise the seed will be rotten, long-term low temperature after emergence will cause stiff seedlings, high humidity can lead to diseases such as seedling damping-off. The growth period of stems and leaves is between 18-32°C. The temperature is high and fast growing, otherwise it is slow. The suitable temperature for flowering is 28-32°C. Long-term low temperature, the fruit grows slowly, the skin is thick, the quality is bad, and the deformed fruit is more. If the temperature changes greatly and is unstable, then the humidity is high and diseases should occur, such as blight, Phytophthora, and powdery mildew. 1.4 Light conditions Muskmelon is more sensitive to light requirements, strong light and a long light time can make plants grow well, and can increase the accumulation of sugar. Muskmelon is a deep-rooted crop with a strong root system. The main root depth is 1.0-1.5m. Lateral roots and branch roots are widely distributed. A large number of lateral root clusters are distributed in the 30cm deep soil layer of the soil to absorb the moisture in the soil. In the peak period of growth, especially fruit enlargement, sufficient moisture and light conditions are required. 1.5 Fertilizers Muskmelon is a fertilizer crop. Because of the flourishing foliage, large area of ​​nutrients, and high yield per unit area, the amount of N, P, and K fertilizers required is large. Among them, P and K fertilizer requirements are higher than N fertilizers, especially P, K has the highest farmyard fertilizers, such as sheep manure, oil residue, chicken manure and so on. - General application of high-quality sheep manure 30.0-37.5t/ha, compound fertilizer 300-375kg/ha, seedling can properly add 75-150kg/ha urea. The application of oil residue is 4500-7500kg/ha, chicken manure 3000kg/ha and diammonium phosphate 750kg/ha. 2. The cultivation method is generally divided into large gullies, middle gullies, and small ditch cultivation. In recent years, cultivation of medium and small ditches has been widely used by farmers. The small and medium ditch facilitates irrigation and drainage, prevents floods and droughts, and facilitates field management and operations, such as pruning. , pressure vines, fertilization, etc., generally melon ditch length of 50m, easy to level. The upper mouth of the middle ditch is 1m wide, with a ditch depth of 40-60cm, a ditch spacing of 3.5-4.0m, a small ditch upper mouth of 80cm, a ditch depth of 30-40cm, and a ditch separation distance of 3.0-3.5m. 2.1 Plastic film covering fine soil preparation is the basis for improving the effect of film-covering cultivation. After the rind ditches are repaired, they should be fully levelled so that the furrows, groove walls and sowing belts can be on the same level. When the soil moisture is suitable, the film can be covered. Method: 70cm mulch film, trench wall covered 25cm, seeded with pressure soil fixed film 45cm, forming a flat sowing belt, conducive to the absorption of sunlight and sowing. The operation of soil covering, 2 to 3 days after the film is covered, when the temperature in the film rises, some water droplets indicate that the temperature and humidity reach the requirements for sowing. At this time, sowing is started. 2.2 Seed treatment Considering that the seeds are easy to be infected with pathogens (diseases), the seedling stage is susceptible to disease. The seeds before sowing need to be treated with medicaments. The methods are: Unseeded seeds are soaked in 200 times of 40% formalin for 2 hours and then treated with fresh water. Rinse 2-3 times after sowing. Unsprouted seeds were soaked in 150-fold potassium permanganate for 3 h and sowed after rinsing. The ungerminated seeds were immersed in fresh water for 12 hours and then drained and soaked in 1% hydrochloric acid for 15 minutes, rinsed with fresh water for 2-3 times and sowed. Unsprouted seeds are sown with mixed seed dressings and sown. 2.3 Seeding according to the cultivation and management of each area, the number of hours of light, the level of temperature sowing at appropriate time. Generally listed in South China ripe on April 20 or so should be planted, if later listed should be planted around May 20, the amount of 180-1,250g/ha. Planting density, single vine pruning spacing 35-40cm, double vine pruning spacing 50cm, three or more vines pruning between 55-60cm. 3. The pruning pressure vine of pruning melon is one of the main steps in cultivation. The sooner or later pruning and methods have some influence on the growth, yield and quality of melon. Generally speaking, the pruning is early and timely, and the yield is high, the melons are neat and mature. The period is the same, the variety is good, the appearance is beautiful, the economic benefit is high, otherwise it is worse. 3.1 A dragon (single vine) When the melon seedlings grow to 6 true leaves, each side of the leaves should issue lateral vines. In this case, the side branches below the 4 leaves should be promptly removed, leaving the main vine to extend forward, when the 5th When the lateral branches are sent out, see if there are young fruits. In addition to the main vines growing forward, all the side branches, young fruit leaves 1 leaf to start the head, picking the heart, no young fruit leaves 2 leaves to start the head, when the Sun Man leaves the fruit to start, Take heart and repeat it. 3.2 double vine pruning When the melon seedlings grow to 4 true leaf topping, 4 true leaves each send a side branch, remove the 1-4 side branches, leaving 2-3 side branches, forming two side vines forward growth, when two When the collaterals grow to 6 true leaves, a vine is grown between each leaf. At this time, the vines below the 5 leaves should be removed and the leaves from the 6th leaf should be kept. It will be repeated later. 3.3 three vines and multi-vine pruning When the melon seedlings grow to 4 true leaves when the picking heart, and other side branches issued after the removal of the first side branch, leaving 2,3,4 side of the vine, the formation of three vines or lateral branches spread forward growth, Afterwards, the Sun Man issued on each side branch leaves a leaf and starts to stay before and after the melon pitch according to his own requirements and on the market. Generally on the side of the 6th leaves of the sun cranberries on the vine, three or more vines are generally used in late-maturing cultivation. 3.4 Man vines are pressed in order to fix the melon root, melon vines, leaves are not easy to shake, young fruit is not easy to damage, if the fruit is not timely pressed in the windy fruit set period will reduce the fruit set rate, the fruit enlargement period prone to deformed fruit, while causing sugar Uneven, large gradient. Usually in the seedling stage (5-6 leaf) when it is time to invade a vine, so that the melon seedlings grow towards the direction of guati, when the melon seedlings enter the normal growth stage can be pressed once every 30cm, preferably with clods, methods The ground plane is a small ditch and the vine is placed in the ditch, and the earth block is pressed between the ditch edges. The earth block is pressed between the leaf nodes so as not to affect the growth of the lateral branch. It should be noted that crushed vines should be carried out at noon and in the afternoon. Due to the low temperature in the morning, the melon seedlings are relatively brittle and easily damaged and cause disease. 4 Irrigation in Xinjiang Water is the main part of melon cultivation. Irrigation is the main link in melon cultivation. Due to the difference in temperature and climate, the method and times of irrigation are also different. Irrigation should be performed according to the amount of seedlings, and the seedling temperature is low and the development is slow. Less irrigation. Flowering fruit and fruit expansion period can not be lack of water, ripening period in order to improve the quality and mechanization of melon control should be appropriate irrigation. When the melon seedlings have 2-3 shoots of true leaves, the seedlings must be seedlings 15–20 days, so that the roots are tied down under the roots to increase the drought resistance and disease resistance. The seedlings should be promptly irrigated and fertilized. After flowering and fruiting, the irrigation should be arranged in the afternoon and evening. High temperature during the day, sudden irrigation will cause physiological water shortage, easy to disease. It is strictly forbidden to flood the water and run the water on the melon seats. Water can not be accumulated in the melon ditch so as to avoid causing diseases. 5, field management and pest control 5.1 seedling management seedling period and time seedlings, Dingmiao, earth, grass, to ensure the field clean, timely pruning, pressure vines, drought, drainage, and promote the normal growth of melon seedlings. Fertilizers should be applied in batches. The method is to dig a hole at 25cm below the base of the planting melon seedlings. Be careful not to damage the melon roots. Apply fertilizer immediately after fertilization and promote the decomposition of the fertilizer to facilitate melon root absorption. 5.2 Prevention of pests and diseases to prevent the main, control all possible conditions, timely observation of locust density and seedling disease, fight for preservation of seedlings, when the melon seedlings unearthed, in order to prevent pests damage growth point, resulting in no seedlings, began Insecticides are sprayed once every 7 days. All kinds of drugs to be controlled should be used at intervals. Do not use the same drug continuously. This will make the effect better. 5.2.1 Prevention of Phytophthora infestans: According to the prediction of the imminent occurrence of diseases, chemical agents are used to irrigate or spray. Available 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 500 times or 64% bactericidal toads 400-500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil powder 600 times, the amount of 0.25-0.50kg per strain, every 7-10d, continuous Prevention 3-4 times. 5.2.2 Anti-wild wilt disease in the early stage of drug irritation, with 25% Benzamide or thiophanate-methyl 1000-1500 times solution or 40% Guahuaping 1000 times, every 7-10d1 times, Irrigation root volume 0.25kg / hectare, continuous control 3-4 times. 5.2.3 Prevent powdery mildew at the early stage of onset and timely spraying, commonly used 15% triadimefon 1000-1500 times, 20% triadimefon EC 1500-2000 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1000-1500 times, 75% chlorothalonil 500- 800 times spray. The above prevention and control methods can be used in combination with the actual conditions in the region. In the case of new pesticides, new pesticides with good efficacy can be used to prevent them. 6. Harvesting In order to ensure the quality of melon and adapt to long-distance transportation, melons must be grown to 8-9 years of maturity to harvest, and stop watering 7-10 days before harvesting. In order to improve the quality of melon products and reduce the loss during transportation, When picking the gourd, you should take care of it gently, minimize mechanical damage, shade the melon pile, and avoid sun exposure. China Agricultural Network Editor

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