5 common knowledge of carp feed

First, the main adhesives - α-starch adhesives were the earliest additives used in carp feeds. In the 1950s, Japan used raw fish as baits to grow yellow bars, adding antibiotics, gluten and α - Starch, etc., due to the use of alpha-starch and other binders, not only prevents the loss of antibiotics and nutrients, but also reduces water pollution, and increases the feeding rate, thereby accelerating the commercialization of feed. The main adhesive for salmon feed is α-starch (also known as pre-gelatinized starch). It is made from cassava or potato powdered rice. After being mixed with water, it is gelatinized, dried, crushed, and cooled to make it have Products with good color and whiteness, good viscoelasticity, and good ductility have the best palatability of potato powder, good palatability of corn flour but poor cohesiveness, and cassava starch is in between but at a lower price. According to the needs of the feed, cassava or potato starch or both can be used together. The digestibility of squid for α-starch is about 80%, and the amount of squid in feed is 20-23%. If it is added, its nutritional value will be affected. In addition to having a good viscosity, α-starch is also associated with its fineness and other substances in the feed. 1. Freshness of fishmeal: The acid value of fishmeal and volatile base nitrogen should not be too high. The use of fishmeal with poor freshness will destroy the viscoelasticity of feed. 2. Traces of inorganic salts: The ratio should be reasonable and should not be excessive, especially where the concentration of divalent ions on α-starch is greater. 3. The fineness of the raw material is crushed: it should be up to 98%. It can pass through a 80-mesh sieve. This has a large contact surface and is easy to bond. After the feed is stirred, the surface gloss is good and the product image is good. In addition, after the purchase of α-starch, it should be used within 4 months after the production date, otherwise it will be degraded due to heat, light, air and other factors, and the molecular weight will decrease and the adhesion will decrease. Second, the auxiliary adhesive 1, sodium caseinate: more than 88% crude protein, not only can provide the required protein source of carp, but also to produce special black carp and white catfish feed a good binder, add it can It plays a role in balancing amino acids and it is recommended to add 0.5-2% in special black and white litters. 2, alginate: also known as alginate, white or light yellow, non-toxic, odorless gel, soluble in water into glue, PH 6-9, the stability is better. For ease of use, most of the dried crushed into powder. Since it has carboxyl-COO- in the polymer chains of poly-β-D mannose and poly-α-L-glucose, it can form water-insoluble calcium salts with Ca+1 (calcium ions) in the base material, so its Viscosity is 5 times that of flour, especially in waters with high salinity. In feed, it is recommended to add 0.1-0.3%. 3, gluten flour: flour washed with water after starch, dried, ground after the system, the crude protein content of more than 72%, fineness of more than 90% over 80 mesh sieve, water absorption capacity of about 80%. Adding 1-3% to the feed contributes to the water stability of the feed. However, its lysine content is relatively low, and its amino acid composition is relatively unbalanced relative to the carcass. In addition, other commonly used adhesives are sodium polyacrylate, resinous compounds and carboxymethyl cellulose. Their molecular weight is as large as about one million. They have carboxymethyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain. They rely on hydrogen bonding and ionization and have strong adhesion to the feed's base material. The effectiveness of these adhesives is related to the base material used, type and quantity, water quality, water temperature, and degree of wire drawing. Third, the induced material in the natural waters of the carp survival of the food by the sense of smell, vision and taste and other organs to complete the synergy, in this process, the carp rely on olfactory organs perceive the position of food to determine the food position, When the visual reaches the range of action, and then visually identify whether it is possible to eat, so the smell of carp is very sensitive, its odor sensitivity to phenylethyl alcohol is much higher than people, sense valve is as low as 3.510-19, similar to dogs. Carr, Mackie, Fuke and other scholars found through the separation and analysis of raw materials: the food intake of fish feed is mainly nitrogen compounds, especially amino acids, nucleotides, quaternary amines and organic acids, some short-chain fatty acids Acridine, alloxazine derivatives, etc. also have a good attractant effect on some fish. The non-polar α-amino acid has the best attracting effect. Carr proposed in 1982 that the attractant extracted from animal tissue has four characteristics: 1 low molecular weight, generally less than 10002 nitrogen 3 non-volatile, water soluble 4 has amphoteric H+ and OH-characteristics. In addition, the attractant component of carp feed also has a synergistic effect, that is, some of the components are less active or common when used alone, but when two or more species coexist, they exhibit strong activity, for example, a. Amino acids and betaines, b, amino acids and nucleotides, c, between two amino acids. In factory production, liver powder, milk powder or fresh creamer, betaine, earthworm powder and amino acid type protein source can be generally selected as attractant substances. Fourth, to help digestion of material Carp digestion of feed is mainly carried out in the intestine. The carp's intestine is relatively short. The ratio of length to body length is 0.52 to 0.82. However, the pepsin activity of catfish is stronger, which is 4 times higher than that of rainbow trout. Its amylase activity is relatively weak, and the process of digestion and absorption of feedstuffs by squid is generally 6 hours. In general, brewer's yeast, molasses yeast, unicellular mycelia proteins, viable digestive agents and the like are added to the feed. 1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae: It is composed of the yeast in the beer industry wort culture and the residue of the culture medium. After drying, the crude protein is generally 40-50%, containing a large amount of B vitamins and unknown growth factors. . In squid feed, 2-3% can be added. 2, molasses yeast: rich in B vitamins, prepared by low-temperature spray drying, can promote carp appetite, attracting better. Its various nutrients are well-preserved and have a strong aroma. 3. Single-cell bacterial protein: It is obtained after refining and drying the bacteria in the beet molasses fermentation process. It has a yeast-like sweetness, good taste, and contains the bacterial protein, minerals, and vitamins easily absorbed by the squid. Unknown growth factor, its crude protein content is above 65%, crude fat is below 4.5%, and it is recommended to add 1-2% in feed. 4. Viable preparations: It is composed of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus lactic acid and other nutrient substrates. The total number of viable cells per gram is more than 120 million, which helps to digest and regulate the intestine. The so-called whole bowel action means the small intestine. As the speed of peristalsis slows, the nutrients are fully absorbed, which accelerates the peristalsis of the large intestine and shortens the time of excrement in the animal. In the intestine, these beneficial bacteria can compete with harmful bacteria for living space and nutrients, and can combine with beneficial bacteria in the intestine to fight against bad bacteria and even kill bad bacteria, especially Pediococcus acidilatici. Strong, inhibited the growth of the fungus is 10 times the general lactic acid bacteria. In addition, it contains a large amount of B vitamins, which can produce high doses of lactic acid in the body, inhibit the growth of bacteria, stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes, and increase protein utilization. 5. Liver-protective and hepatic substances The liver is an important gland in the body of eel. It can secrete bile and is stored in the gallbladder. Apart from helping to digest fat, it can also store excess glucose in the form of glycogen. In the liver synthesis of vitamin A, can also be lifted due to the abuse of antibiotics, insecticides, etc. produced by the poison, it can be said that the liver is the carp body "chemical plant." In order to enhance the normal absorption function of squid and rule out the adverse effects caused by long-term living in high-density environments, deterioration of water quality, and abuse of drugs, it is necessary to add some Chinese medicine, bile acids and other liver-protecting and healthy-biliary substances to the squid feed. 1, Bupleurum: bitter, slightly cold, with a table and in the function, containing saponins, volatile fatty acids and other substances, with anti-virus, killing the role of protozoa, but also has anti-liver damage and other functions. 2, Banlangen: bitter, cold, the main ingredient is wolfberry, with detoxification function. There are 10-15 grams per kilogram of feed added to the market for proprietary Chinese medicines. 3. Bile acid: It can promote the digestion and absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins and cholesterol. It has detoxification and strong liver function for the consumption of rancid materials produced from high-fat aquaculture feeds, and generally adds 100 grams per ton in feed. 4. Bile secretion and other liver-protective agents can enhance liver function, promote bile secretion, increase excretion of cholesteryl alcohol, reduce liver fat deposition, and promote physiological metabolism of carbohydrates, carbohydrates, etc. Endocrine System. These substances (including fatty acids, dehydrocholic acid, etc.) can make the liver of the carp exclude the toxic substances in the blood through hydrolysis, oxidation, acetylation, etc., regenerate the damaged hepatocytes, and enhance the secretion of hepatocytes.

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