Seasonal pig disease prevention

In the winter and spring seasons, swine infectious diseases are more common. Among these, swine fever, piglet paratyphoid, pneumonia (gasping disease), swine flu, infectious gastroenteritis, and yellow and white diarrhea in piglets are particularly prevalent. Swine fever, gasping disease, swine flu, and infectious gastroenteritis are viral in nature and can only be controlled through vaccination. Paratyphoid and yellow diarrhea, on the other hand, are bacterial infections that can be prevented with vaccines and treated with antibiotics. Among these diseases, swine fever and yellow diarrhea have the highest mortality rates, followed by white diarrhea. Swine flu, gasping disease, and infectious gastroenteritis typically have lower death rates, but once pigs are infected, their growth is significantly slowed, and some may become stunted, making them unsuitable for slaughter. Preventing swine diseases can be costly, but most of them now have available vaccines. The swine fever vaccine offers protection for one year, while paratyphoid vaccine lasts six months, and the pneumonia vaccine provides eight months of coverage. Piglet paratyphoid mainly affects pigs between 2 to 4 months old, and those younger than five months are less likely to get sick. With the approach of the Spring Festival, the peak season for swine fever begins. Pig farmers should promptly visit local veterinary stations to administer the swine fever vaccine. To prevent yellow and white diarrhea, sows should receive an E. coli bivalent vaccine approximately 20 days before giving birth. In addition to timely vaccination, maintaining good hygiene in the pigpen, improving feeding practices, and enhancing the pigs’ immunity are crucial. Regularly changing bedding, using disinfectants like lime water or fire alkali around the house, and providing a varied diet including carrots and radishes can help. Keeping the pighouse warm, and even using plastic greenhouses when possible, also contributes to better health. Porcine diarrhea is a common seasonal disease, often caused by multiple factors. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Infectious gastroenteritis, a viral intestinal infection, leads to watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Immediate fluid replacement and antibiotics are usually required to manage the condition. Rotavirus disease primarily affects piglets under two months old, causing loss of appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. Oral glucose saline and compound glucose solutions are effective treatments. Piglet jaundice, caused by pathogenic E. coli, is severe and occurs within the first seven days of life. Prompt antibiotic treatment is critical. White diarrhea, or late-onset E. coli disease, affects piglets aged 10-30 days. It causes pale, thin stools and can be managed with sulfonamides and tetracyclines. Red diarrhea, linked to Clostridium perfringens, is more common in newborns and requires early prevention with antibiotics. Piglet paratyphoid, caused by Salmonella, can occur at any time and presents with alternating constipation and diarrhea. Gentamicin and kanamycin are more effective than penicillin. Swine dysentery, caused by spirochetes, is chronic and hard to cure completely, requiring long-term treatment with drugs like chlortetracycline or furazolidone. Mycoplasma pneumonia is common in winter and spring, affecting both young and adult pigs. Symptoms include coughing, difficulty breathing, and reduced growth. Treatment involves antibiotics such as oxytetracycline or tylosin. To prevent swine flu, which is common in winter and early spring, proper biosecurity measures and vaccination are essential. Early detection and prompt treatment are key to controlling outbreaks and minimizing losses.

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