Occurrence and Prevention of Freckles

The main pests affecting earthworms include over ten species such as the cotton bollworm, aphid, thrips, red spider, and bean turnip. In recent years, tinea versicolor has become more prevalent in Putian, with a relatively large infestation area and severe damage, making it one of the key pests in the region. Tinea versicolor, also known as alfalfa looper, belongs to the family Noctuidae. Its wingspan ranges from 24mm to 32mm. The head and lower lip are reddish, with brown antennae, while the body is gray-brown. The pronotum has red shoulders, and there is a white stripe along the front edge of the forewing. A red band runs from the base of the middle wing to the outer edge, with bright yellow on the inner edge and pink along the trailing edge. The eggs are nearly spherical, initially white, then turning yellow-green before hatching into dark purple. Mature larvae can reach up to 30mm in length, going through six instars. Their color varies, including gray-green and brown-green, with a black head capsule. These larvae feed on leaves, damaging crops like alfalfa, peonies, and white veins. The pupae are light brown, about 20mm long, with two spines at the end. In North China, freckle pests occur twice a year. According to surveys, overwintering adults begin to emerge in early May, reaching a peak in late May to early June. Egg-laying peaks in mid-to-late June, with larvae hatching from late June to early July. The first generation of mature larvae appears by late August, with the adult emergence peak in late August to early September. The second generation of larvae burrows into the soil for winter. The most serious damage comes from the first generation of larvae. The first generation was observed between May 20 and May 25. Although some eggs and larvae were removed, many adults remained in the field during the growth of the second generation. These adults laid eggs that hatched into larvae which mainly attack the second and third generations. Monitoring showed that the egg-laying behavior of the pest involves laying eggs on upper young leaves, where larvae wrap themselves in two leaves and feed inside. After some time, they bite holes in the leaves and exit, later feeding on the pods. Infested plants show symptoms such as white lumpy spots with a black ball inside. Leaves near the tip are eaten, leaving only the epidermis, or have many small holes. Two or three leaves may be spit out, and the larva’s color changes rapidly, though the head remains black. Freckle larvae are very active and react quickly when touched. They can damage multiple crops, feeding on pods and reducing yields. For prevention and control, it is recommended to use pesticides with short residual periods, high efficiency, and low toxicity. Trials have shown that tinea versicolor has little resistance, and standard insecticides can achieve good results. **Physical Control:** Adults of the freckle moth are attracted to light, so black lights or high-pressure mercury lamps can be used to trap and kill them in late May to early June. To reduce population, severely infested fields close to harvest (with 50% flowering) should be harvested early to prepare for the next crop. **Chemical Control:** When the aphid flowering rate is below 50%, and the larval density reaches 3 per square meter, timely chemical treatment is necessary. **Control Agents and Application Methods:** - "Green Heng 101" diluted 800–1000 times and sprayed. - "Big Insect Killer" diluted 800–1000 times and applied. - "Psychic" EC, 2 bags per acre mixed with water and sprayed. These measures help manage the pest effectively while minimizing environmental impact.

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