Seedlings of C. cuspidatum
1. Nursery Selection: The ideal soil for growing seedlings of C. cuspidata is deep, loose, rich in humus, and well-drained. It is also possible to intercrop with woodland needles or broad-leaved forests. For sowing, use 80 pounds per mu with a germination rate of 90%. The breeding base has successfully solved the problems of harringtonine dormancy, cutting propagation, and seedling rooting. High-quality harringtonia saplings have been selected through these techniques.
2. Soil Fertilization: Newly cultivated land is naturally fertile and can be used without additional fertilization. However, old land must be deeply tilled to a depth of 20-25 cm, with beds 15-20 cm high and 1.2 m wide. Apply decomposed organic fertilizer as a base. Then, mix 1.5 kg of phoxim and an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate per mu to control underground pests and adjust soil pH. Two weeks before sowing, disinfect the seedlings using a 0.3% potassium permanganate or formalin solution. Water thoroughly, cover with plastic film, and leave it for a week. Afterward, wait five days before sowing. Drilling can be done as needed.
3. Seed Germination: (1) New Seed Sowing Method: Before planting, soak the seeds in a 1%-2% copper sulfate solution for 5 minutes, then rinse with water. Next, soak them in a 50-degree alcohol and 40-degree warm water mixture (1:1) for 20-30 minutes. Remove the seeds and soak them in 0.05% gibberellin for 24 hours to activate hydrolytic enzymes, break dormancy, and promote early germination. (2) Burial and Germination Every Other Year: Soak the seeds in warm water (around 45°C) for 3-4 days until the kernels turn milky white. Disinfect them with a 1%-2% copper sulfate solution, then mix with three times the volume of wet sand (60% moisture). Place the mixture in a straw bag or wooden box and store it in a cool, dry cellar. Choose a high, well-drained location with a pit depth of about 1.5 meters to prevent rodent access. Monitor the temperature regularly; in summer, keep it below 20°C. If temperatures rise, open windows at night or install shade structures. This method is typically used in autumn, and seeds are fully buried by the next year. They are ready for sowing in spring when 20%-30% of the seeds have germinated. (3) Taxus chinensis seedlings grow slowly, usually taking 2 years. Harringtonine has overcome the challenges of dormancy and cutting propagation in February, resulting in high-quality harringtonia saplings. (4) Winter Burial and Germination: This method is suitable for fresh seeds collected in autumn. Remove the seed coats, disinfect, and mix with sand as described above. About 20-30 days before sowing, place the seeds in a shaded area on the leeward side, cover with plastic film to increase temperature, and keep the soil moist. Once part of the seed coat cracks, they can be sown.
4. Seedling Management: (1) Arch Protection: When using flat film for dense seeding, check regularly. When the radicle turns white, cover the flat film with an arch-shaped one to maintain humidity. Adjust temperature and moisture after switching to the arch film. On sunny days, open the two layers of agricultural film to lower the temperature and improve air circulation. Spray the seedbed every 3-4 days to maintain 55%-60% humidity. Prevent rodent damage. When the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, uncover them. (2) Thinning and Spacing: Cultivars of yew cedar generally require about 200 seeds per square meter. If the seedlings are too dense and have 3-4 leaves and 1 heart, transplant them at 15 cm and 20 cm spacing. (3) Weeding and Fertilizing: Perform weeding 2-3 times, combined with 5–10 kg of urea and 3–5 kg of potassium chloride per acre. Apply it through irrigation or flooding. Foliar sprays of 0.25% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used. (4) Pest Control: Cephalopods are resistant to pests, but occasional spider mites or aphids may occur. Use pesticides like dichlorvos or dimethoate for prevention and control. (5) Two-Year-Old Seedlings: Apply 3-5 applications of diluted animal manure urine and 1-2 applications of ammonium sulfate. Water immediately after spraying to avoid phytotoxicity. From June to July, apply potassium fertilizer to enhance lignification. Strengthen field management such as weeding and loosening the soil.
Spinal fixation system consists of posterior spinal fixation system,minimally invasive spinal system,posterior cervical fixation system,anterior cervical plate system,laminar shapping plate system and interbody fusion cage system.
Cervical and lumbar segmental implants are the most common types of spinal internal fixation, which can be roughly divided into anterior and posterior internal fixation according to their fixed positions and surgical approaches.
The anterior cervical vertebra is mostly fixed with locking plates and fixed screws,what are mostly made of titanium alloy materials; The posterior approach was fixed using the pedicle screw and rod system.
In some cases of spinal vertebrae bone defect, it is also necessary to implant titanium cage or PEEK cages to promote bone fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The titanium mesh cage refers to a cage shaped container made of titanium alloy material, which is loaded with autologous or allogeneic bone and placed in the spinal vertebrae bone defect, which not only serves as a strength support but also plays a role in bone fusion.
spinal fracture,Pedicle Screws,Spinal Implant,Spine Implants
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