Winter management techniques of fruit trees
2019-05-05 15:02:14
Doing a good wintering management of fruit trees can avoid or reduce the extent of frost damage to fruit trees, increase tree nutrient accumulation, and increase the cold resistance of the trees. It can also promote the differentiation and formation of flower buds and promote the stable production and high yield in the following year. .
1 Deeply turning the weeds and turning soil can not only improve the soil structure, prevent soil compaction, facilitate the growth of roots, but also allow the insects in the soil layer to be thawed or eaten by birds and birds. The deep-turning time is carried out within 30 days after the fruit is picked, and the depth of soil is 25-35 cm. While deep-sweeping, the weeds in and around the orchard are removed to eliminate the pests' wintering sites.
2 Fertilize the soil and combine the soil with a heavy fertilizer. Fertilizers are mainly farmyard manure such as manure and decomposing pig cow dung, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Adult citrus, peach, plum, plow, persimmon and other fruit trees, 50-70 kilograms of each farmer's manure, 0.5-1 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 0.25-0.5 kilograms of high-efficiency compound fertilizer, 3 to 5 kilograms of cooked vegetables, and 3 to 5 kilograms of tea cake. , Fire and earth ash 10-15 kg. Mix the above fertilizer in an annular shape and surround the fruit tree deeply. Do not leave too close during fertilization so as not to burn roots. Fertilizers for young fruit trees and grapes can be reduced as appropriate. Fertilize soil after fertilization to increase soil temperature and maintain fertilizer efficiency.
3 Pruning and shaping science pruning can reduce pest damage, but also improve lighting conditions, but also save nutrients, increase the yield per unit area. The method of pruning is: first cut off the diseased branches, dead branches, and legged branches, and then cut off the dense branches, weak branches, and incapacitating aging branches and recessions that affect the light according to the principles of cutting and sparse retention and shear strength and strength. Branches, vertical branches. Finally, the cross branches and the long vegetative branches between the crowns are properly retracted for easy management and harvesting.
4 Control pests
4.1 Tree trunks and white tree trunks can be used to kill the existing pathogens and insect pests of the tree body, but also prevent pests and diseases from infecting tree trunks, and prevent freezing damage. The main material for whitening is lime sulfur. The auxiliary materials are quicklime, salt and lard or other animal oils. The proportions were: 1 kg of lime sulfur, 3 kg of quick lime, 1 kg of salt, 0.25 kg of hot lard and 15 kg of water. Brush the trunk after stirring the above materials. Drying time should be half a month after the fruit tree is harvested and before the pests lay eggs. The dry height is 1 to 1.3m.
4.2 Two-and-a-half months after the drug was collected, it was sprayed with 0.1%-0.125% solution of trichlorphon or omethoate and 0.125%-0.143% solution of thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to control red spider, tussock moth and anthracnose. Fruit spot diseases and other pests. Chafers can be used for prevention and treatment by stuffing cotton with dipterex or methamidophos into the trunk.
5 Comprehensive anti-freeze (1) Irrigation and water conservation The winter season is dry, the water content of the soil is small, and the tree body is prone to losing water. It is most suitable to carry out winter irrigation before the occurrence of frost damage in winter and when the surface soil disappears at night. Being too early is not conducive to impounding water and preventing freezing. In the late hours, the temperature is too low, the soil is frozen, and the water seeps into the ground and freezes on the surface, which in turn aggravates the freezing injury. Winter irrigation should be conducted in the morning and at noon on sunny days. The irrigation volume is 850~950m3/hm2, and the water generally penetrates about 45 centimeters deep. After the winter irrigation, the ground is slightly dry, and a shallow crucible is performed to cut off the capillary and reduce evaporation. After thawing, draining is done to prevent the fruit trees from being deficient in oxygen and rot.
(2) Trunk Wrapped Grass The straw should be wrapped around the trunk of the fruit tree before the winter solstice. The height of the hay bale is 1 to 1.5 meters. For the low-lying young trees that are vulnerable to frost or the cold-tolerant fruit trees, the whole plant can be used to prevent freezing. In addition to the ventilation and transmission of sunlight on the sunny side during the scaffolding, the upper side and other three sides shall be tightly closed.
(3) Smoke heat preservation Before freezing, use sawdust, weeds, leaves, rice hulls, dry branches and other materials to ignite and let them burn in darkness, let the smoke cover the orchard, and form an insulation layer to reduce the frost damage of fruit trees. . Generally when setting up a smoking heap, small orchards will arrange 4 to 5 per 667 square meters, large orchards will arrange 2-3 per 667 square meters, and it is advisable to arrange a few cigarettes to cover orchards with smoke. In the specific placement, the top should put a few more piles, other directions can be less appropriate.
(4) Foliar fertilization Fertilizer applied with 0.5% urea liquid fertilizer or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer 1 to 2 times before the fruit is frozen to increase the cold resistance of the tree.
(5) After shaking the snow, it is first stopped and the snow on the leaves can be removed with a wooden stick or bamboo raft. This will not only reduce the degree of freezing, but also prevent the snow from breaking the fruit branches.
1 Deeply turning the weeds and turning soil can not only improve the soil structure, prevent soil compaction, facilitate the growth of roots, but also allow the insects in the soil layer to be thawed or eaten by birds and birds. The deep-turning time is carried out within 30 days after the fruit is picked, and the depth of soil is 25-35 cm. While deep-sweeping, the weeds in and around the orchard are removed to eliminate the pests' wintering sites.
2 Fertilize the soil and combine the soil with a heavy fertilizer. Fertilizers are mainly farmyard manure such as manure and decomposing pig cow dung, supplemented by phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer. Adult citrus, peach, plum, plow, persimmon and other fruit trees, 50-70 kilograms of each farmer's manure, 0.5-1 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, 0.25-0.5 kilograms of high-efficiency compound fertilizer, 3 to 5 kilograms of cooked vegetables, and 3 to 5 kilograms of tea cake. , Fire and earth ash 10-15 kg. Mix the above fertilizer in an annular shape and surround the fruit tree deeply. Do not leave too close during fertilization so as not to burn roots. Fertilizers for young fruit trees and grapes can be reduced as appropriate. Fertilize soil after fertilization to increase soil temperature and maintain fertilizer efficiency.
3 Pruning and shaping science pruning can reduce pest damage, but also improve lighting conditions, but also save nutrients, increase the yield per unit area. The method of pruning is: first cut off the diseased branches, dead branches, and legged branches, and then cut off the dense branches, weak branches, and incapacitating aging branches and recessions that affect the light according to the principles of cutting and sparse retention and shear strength and strength. Branches, vertical branches. Finally, the cross branches and the long vegetative branches between the crowns are properly retracted for easy management and harvesting.
4 Control pests
4.1 Tree trunks and white tree trunks can be used to kill the existing pathogens and insect pests of the tree body, but also prevent pests and diseases from infecting tree trunks, and prevent freezing damage. The main material for whitening is lime sulfur. The auxiliary materials are quicklime, salt and lard or other animal oils. The proportions were: 1 kg of lime sulfur, 3 kg of quick lime, 1 kg of salt, 0.25 kg of hot lard and 15 kg of water. Brush the trunk after stirring the above materials. Drying time should be half a month after the fruit tree is harvested and before the pests lay eggs. The dry height is 1 to 1.3m.
4.2 Two-and-a-half months after the drug was collected, it was sprayed with 0.1%-0.125% solution of trichlorphon or omethoate and 0.125%-0.143% solution of thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim to control red spider, tussock moth and anthracnose. Fruit spot diseases and other pests. Chafers can be used for prevention and treatment by stuffing cotton with dipterex or methamidophos into the trunk.
5 Comprehensive anti-freeze (1) Irrigation and water conservation The winter season is dry, the water content of the soil is small, and the tree body is prone to losing water. It is most suitable to carry out winter irrigation before the occurrence of frost damage in winter and when the surface soil disappears at night. Being too early is not conducive to impounding water and preventing freezing. In the late hours, the temperature is too low, the soil is frozen, and the water seeps into the ground and freezes on the surface, which in turn aggravates the freezing injury. Winter irrigation should be conducted in the morning and at noon on sunny days. The irrigation volume is 850~950m3/hm2, and the water generally penetrates about 45 centimeters deep. After the winter irrigation, the ground is slightly dry, and a shallow crucible is performed to cut off the capillary and reduce evaporation. After thawing, draining is done to prevent the fruit trees from being deficient in oxygen and rot.
(2) Trunk Wrapped Grass The straw should be wrapped around the trunk of the fruit tree before the winter solstice. The height of the hay bale is 1 to 1.5 meters. For the low-lying young trees that are vulnerable to frost or the cold-tolerant fruit trees, the whole plant can be used to prevent freezing. In addition to the ventilation and transmission of sunlight on the sunny side during the scaffolding, the upper side and other three sides shall be tightly closed.
(3) Smoke heat preservation Before freezing, use sawdust, weeds, leaves, rice hulls, dry branches and other materials to ignite and let them burn in darkness, let the smoke cover the orchard, and form an insulation layer to reduce the frost damage of fruit trees. . Generally when setting up a smoking heap, small orchards will arrange 4 to 5 per 667 square meters, large orchards will arrange 2-3 per 667 square meters, and it is advisable to arrange a few cigarettes to cover orchards with smoke. In the specific placement, the top should put a few more piles, other directions can be less appropriate.
(4) Foliar fertilization Fertilizer applied with 0.5% urea liquid fertilizer or 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate liquid fertilizer 1 to 2 times before the fruit is frozen to increase the cold resistance of the tree.
(5) After shaking the snow, it is first stopped and the snow on the leaves can be removed with a wooden stick or bamboo raft. This will not only reduce the degree of freezing, but also prevent the snow from breaking the fruit branches.
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