Cotton hybrid seed production technology

I. Pre-planting soil preparation The land that has not been filled with winter water or with poor soil moisture content should be filled with rooting water for 5-7 days before sowing. When the surface is whitened, shallow ploughing will be carried out. In combination with tillage, 300-450 ml of methylisophos- phite per acre is mixed with 20 kg of fine sand to prevent ground pests. Use 50ml of 48% diammonium emulsifiable concentrate lOOml mixed with fine sand to prevent weeds. Use a 145cm wide plastic film cover. Each acre requires 67 square meters of arched male parent seedlings, and the father (bred) has 15 days of nursery seedlings earlier than the female parent. Generally, Luocheng County of Gaotai County, Gansu Province is sown on April 13-16.
Second, sowing seedlings and plant adjustment
(a) sowing methods. Spring temperature rises quickly, soil moisture evaporates faster, and evaporation is greater. Therefore, soil preparation and soil conservation in the spring is one of the key measures to ensure that cotton can be seeded after sowing. Choose lands with flat terrain and low salinity content as the land for planting. After irrigation, the land should be ploughed and covered in a timely manner. Mechanized on-demand should be used in areas with large numbers of people. In order to expand the area of ​​F2 (second generation) fields, it is possible to use Drilling for F1 (Generation) seeds, using 60kg/ha F1 seeds and cooked waste cotton seeds 30--60kg, mix well, and so on. F2 broken film sowing, 1-1.5 seeds per hole, with 18--27kg/ha, under the current seed production and cultivation conditions, F0 (primary species), F1, F2 reproductive multiples Up to 1:50:150. The female line spacing is 20cmx25cm, 8890--9880 strains per mu, and the parent line spacing is 50cmx25cm. Parent father of the cotton seedlings 560/mu. The average number of seedlings maintained was 156,000 plants/ha.
(B) thinning. From April 23 to May 23, the key period of seedling management. The seedlings can emerge 7-10 days after sowing, and should be protected from the hazards of soil compaction, sandstorm and night frost before emergence. Miao really leaves appear between the seedlings, Dingmiao. The principle is to remove the seedlings and retain the strong seedlings. If the seedlings are cut off at the ridges, they should be kept in separate rows or in separate compartments, leaving only seedlings at the whole seedlings.
(c) Plant adjustments. Plants should be pruned, controlled, pay attention to fertilizer management. Immediately after budding, the cotton plants “off the trouser legs” (that is, the side branches, leaves and buds below the first fruit branch are all erased). After the "cotton leg" of the cotton plant, the first foliar spray was performed with 1--2g of salicylamine for 15-30kg of water per acre, and chlormequat was also used to control the height of the cotton plant. During the pollination period, the cotton plants must be topped in time. When the cotton plants grow to 6--7 fruit branches, the main stem and the fruit branches will be picked to help the fruit set. After the pollination is over, the cotton field must be diligently examined and found that the plants that were not completely "prevented from the trouser legs" in the previous period must be thoroughly cleaned of the zero, the branches, and the top of the fruit branches.
Third, the chemical control of cotton management in the cotton plant "unpadded leg" after the mu with dildoamine 1--8g 10 - 30g of water for the first foliar spray, can also use chlormequat to control cotton plant height . In the initial stage of pollination, the cotton plant was subjected to secondary control, and 3-4% g of dildodomamine was used to spray 30 kg of foliar water to promote flower protection and bud conservation. For the vigorously growing plots, it is necessary to carry out the third chemical control at the end of July. The loquats are sprayed with 4-6 g of dildodomamine and 30 kg of foliar water. Ethephon cannot be used throughout the growing period of cotton.
IV. Sprinkle water The sprinkling of water in the cotton field is the best time to infuse water. The appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used in combination with the irrigation water. Immediately after the first irrigation, the cultivator must be cultivated immediately. Also, zinc sulfate 50kg, borax 25g, and water 30kg can be used for foliar. Spraying, so that the cotton plant flowering and tidy. After irrigation of the head water, fill two waters as appropriate for 15 days, and apply appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to the fertility. The last irrigation must be completed before August 10.
Fifth, cross pollination
(a) points of pollination operation. The pollination work can be started immediately after flowering of the field father (father). The pollination time of the day was at 10:30-16:30, which ended with a large corolla and a purple crown. When pollinating, the pollen of one pod (father) flower is evenly applied around the stigma of the 1--3 pod (female) flower, turning the stigma of the pupa (mother) yellow, and the pod (father) The flower is placed in the last flower (mother). A pollination worker needs to be pollinated in 1 mu of cotton field, and at the same time pollination, it must be recognized in time, and the miscellaneous strains in the cotton field should be removed, and field records should be made. Each of the eight cotton-powdered peaches was requested and all male parents were pulled out immediately after pollination.
(b) Adopting marker traits breeding techniques to breed parents. The use of marker traits for no-maleation pollination can effectively reduce the cost of seed production. The marker traits of the fixed bud seedlings were selected, and the mothers of the strong and superior combinations were alternately selected by self-crossing and backcrossing. The male sterile pollination combinations were prepared. The average hybrid hybridization rate of the combination reached 80%, and the hybridization rate was approximately 70%. . No emasculation seed production than artificial emasculation seed production method ergonomics.
(C) the use of positioning hybridization. A lot of cotton areas are hot and dry in summer. The upper and outer branches of cotton have bud bells falling off, and the inner bells are bell-shaped and of good quality. Therefore, only the first fructose flowers of the 1--8 fruit branch were crossed, and the outer fruit branches and the upper fruit branches were cut when hybridized. The hybridization efficiency of the whole plant was higher than that of the whole plant, the boll weight increased, and the yield of the original species increased.
(D) rational allocation of pollination parents the proportion. When pollinating, both the maternal seed yield and parental yield must be taken into consideration. When the parents cross, the highest yield is 1:3 for the parents. After 1:5, the yield will decrease linearly, and the bell weight will be 1:3. 1:6 dropped significantly afterwards. After 1:5, each infertile seed was treated with an increase in the ratio of 1:3--5 flowers. Therefore, a reasonable ratio should be 1:3--5.
(e) Use seed production tools. The use of patented hybrids and pollination membranes for seed production resulted in a 5% increase in bell rate, an increase in boll weight, and a reduction in the number of bells and infertile bells, and improved ergonomics.
(6) Select the appropriate stigma pollination site. The lower part of the pollination effect is best, and the middle and upper parts are the worst. Therefore, pollination should be paid attention to from the upper ring near the ovary of the cotton stigma up to the ring to reverse pollination, so as to make the pollen on the stigma reach the distribution of more under the middle foot, no shortage.
(7) Preservation and temperature of cotton pollen. The use of marker traits for the pollen viability of male parents without pollination is crucial for the hybridization rate and the rate of cross-breeding. The highest pollen viability was observed at 0°C--5°C, and the rate of boll formation was about 10% higher than that without cryogenic storage, the boll weight was increased by 5%, and the infertility rate of each bell was reduced by 3%.
(h) Direct flower pollination. For direct storage of paternal flowers, the rate of pollination by the pollinator membrane was approximately 15% higher than the pollen storage pollination and the boll weight was increased by 0.6 g.
6. Harvesting and ginning Generally boll boll 7--10 days after bolling and harvesting. After picking it, it should be placed in a clean, ventilated and light-transmitting place. However, dew and frost must be prevented.
Do not use mature ripeners for mature ripening plots to avoid affecting seed quality. The ginning process can be carried out by picking up the bolls and drying them. Ginning is the process of dividing cotton into woolseeds and lint using a special ginning machine. After the lint, they accounted for 31% of the total amount of cotton, and the hairseeds accounted for 69% of the total. Before the ginning, the rolled cotton was checked to see if it was dry or mixed with other cotton varieties, sawdust, iron wire, etc. Miscellaneous materials, so as not to affect the quality of the ginning and damage the machine.

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