Some problems in reasonable fertilization of high quality and high yield watermelon

Watermelon is the main fruit vegetable in China, with large planting area and high yield. In recent years, the quality of watermelons has obviously declined, and it is a problem that the majority of consumers and producers are increasingly concerned about. Reasonable fertilization has a great impact on the quality and yield of watermelons. The following five issues should be of concern:
First, determine the reasonable ratio of nutrient input and key fertilizers during the entire period of growth and development of potassium absorption of potassium, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus, at least. For every 1,000 kg of watermelon produced in the mid-level, 2.5–3.3 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.8–1.3 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), 2.9–3.7 kg of potassium (K2O), and 1:0.36:1.44 of N:P2O5:K2O should be absorbed. The proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium applied in the soil with high soil available phosphorus content can be 1:0.5:1, and can be adopted in soil areas with low soil available phosphorus content 1:1:1; in low-potassium areas, appropriate adjustments can be made. The potassium ratio is high, such as 1:0.5:1.2, 1:1:1.2.
The whole growth period of watermelon is 80-120 days, which can be divided into germination period, seedling period, pumping period and flowering period. From the end of flowering to the swell period of the swell period, it is the peak period of absorption of nutrients. Therefore, on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer, the seedlings should be steadily followed by vine manure, and the swelled manure should be replenished, and the foliar fertilizer must be recovered.
Second, we must timely adjust and meet the different growth and development of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium balance requirements Different growth and development stages of the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the ratio varies greatly. Before pumping vines, 1:0.21:0.83 absorbed the most nitrogen and phosphorus was the least. In the six or seven days of fruit hair removal, it was 1:0.8:0.87, and the ratio of phosphorus absorption increased significantly. The fruit enlargement period was 1:0.3:1:13, the ratio of phosphorus absorption decreased, and the proportion of potassium absorption increased. The maturation period is 1:0.26:1.22. Nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus were less required during the entire growth period, and nitrogen and potassium were more in the middle and later stages. Therefore, ensuring the supply of nitrogen nutrients in the early stage of watermelon growth, together with appropriate phosphorus and potassium, promote the vegetative growth of plants, and ensuring the nutrient of nitrogen and potassium after sitting on melon is very important to improve the yield and quality of watermelon.
Third, we must pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer organic fertilizer not only to provide a reliable basis for the nutrient supply of watermelon throughout the growth period, but also to provide the most comprehensive nutrients. The best Mushi quality fertilizer 2000 ~ 5000kg as the base fertilizer, Mushi 100kg has fermented cooked cake fat for top dressing. This is one of the main measures for the high yield and quality of watermelon, and has a great influence on the quality of watermelon.
Fourth, we must seize the four fertilization links
1, apply base fertilizer. Mushi farmyard fertilizer 2000-5000kg, formula fertilizer 16-16-16(S), 16-8-16(S) or 18-12-18(S), 16-12-20(S), 18-10 20(S), 15-10-20(S) 30-50kg per acre, spread before tillage, preferably rotary tilling; or apply 15-20cm uniform strips by sowing (planting) and cover soil. It should be completed 10 to 15 days before sowing or planting.
2, steady pursuit of seedlings, vinegar. As the plant grows in the seedlings grow 2 to 3 true leaves, from the seedlings 15cm point to chase nitrogen fertilizer (N) 8 ~ 10g; Shen Man early recovery formula fertilizer 30 to 40 kg, cooked cake fat 100kg. Can be applied in 15 cm furrows on the contralateral side of the extension.
3, re-expanding melon fertilizer. After sitting on the melons for 6 to 7 days (dehairing period), timely application of expanded melon fertilizer can be used for 18-12-20 (S), 16- 12-20 (S) and 15-10-20 (S) per mu. 40 to 50kg. Apply with rain or watering.
4, combined with foliar fertilizer. For instance, 0.2% KH2P04, 0.2% borax, and 0.5% urea were sprayed during the vine and flowering period; the watermelon was sprayed during the early flowering stage; the titanium fertilizer was sprayed during the seedling and vine stage.
V. How to understand the problem of applying chlorine fertilizer and sulphur fertilizer to watermelons A large number of production practices have shown that there is no obvious correlation between the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers or sulphur-containing fertilizers and the yield of watermelons, but the relationship with the quality of watermelons is extremely close. The quality of watermelon is mainly reflected in its palatability and sweetness. High-quality watermelons generally appear as sand, crisp, brittle and sweet. From a lot of fertilization practices, it is seen that sulfur-based fertilizers are conducive to the improvement of quality, while the application of chlorine-based fertilizers, watermelons The palatability was significantly worsened, "sandness" was gone, "crisp" became "meat", "brittle" became "dead", and even fiber appeared in the quail, and the market reaction was extremely poor. In order to ensure the quality of watermelons, sulfur-based fertilizers must be applied. At the same time, balanced fertilization should be emphasized to ensure phosphorus and potassium nutrient. Pay attention to the application of farmyard manure and cake fertilizer, and choose to grow on loamy soil or sandy loam soil. These are all producing high quality watermelons. The necessary conditions.

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